A0620-00

A0620-00 (abbreviated from 1A 0620-00) is a binary star system in the constellation of Monoceros.

A0620-00
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Monoceros
Right ascension  06h 22m 44.503s[1]
Declination −00° 20′ 44.72″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 11.2[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type K5 V + black hole[2]
Variable type X-ray nova, Ellipsoidal[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−5 ± 12[4] km/s
Distance5460 ± 1400 ly
(1677 ± 428[1] pc)
Orbit
Period (P)7.75234 ± 0.00010[4] hr
Inclination (i)50.98 ± 0.87[2]°
Periastron epoch (T)JD 2446082.7481 ± 0.0008[4]
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		457 ± 8[4] km/s
Details[2]
Black hole
Mass6.61 ± 0.25 M☉
K-type star
Mass0.40 ± 0.045 M☉
Other designations
1A 0620-00, INTREF 297, Nova Mon 1917, Nova Mon 1975, Mon X-1, V616 Mon[1]
Database references
SIMBADdata

A0620-00 consists of two objects. The first object is a K-type main-sequence star with a spectral type of K5 V.[2] The second object cannot be seen, but based on its calculated mass of 6.6 M☉,[2] it is too massive to be a neutron star and must therefore be a stellar-mass black hole.[4] At a distance of about roughly 3,300 light-years (1,000 parsecs) away, this would make A0620-00 one of the nearest known black holes to the Solar System, closer than GRO J1655-40.[5] The two objects orbit each other every 7.75 hours.[4]

A0620-00 has undergone two X-ray outbreaks. The first one was in 1917.[6] The second time, in 1975, the burst was detected by the Ariel 5 satellite.[7] During that time, A0620-00 was the brightest X-ray point source.[4] It is now classified as an X-ray nova.[4] Its black hole nature was determined in 1986.[4]

Sky around 1A 0620-00, in constellation Monoceros. This image, created from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data in visible and infrared light (filters u,g,i,z) and covers an area on the sky around 8 arcminutes across.

The black hole in A0620-00 pulls matter from the K-type star into an accretion disk.[2] The accretion disk emits significant amounts of visible light and X-rays. Because the K-type star has been pulled into an ellipsoidal shape, the amount of surface area visible, and thus the apparent brightness, changes from the Earth's perspective. A0620-00 also bears the variable star designation V616 Monocerotis.[3]

Stephen Hawking memorial broadcast

On 15 June 2018, a signal was transmitted from the European Space Agency big radio antenna at Cebreros Station (77 kilometers west of Madrid, Spain), in memory of Stephen Hawking, who died on 14 March 2018, and his work on the physics of black holes. The broadcast will travel the 3,457-light-year distance at the speed of light and will arrive in the year 5475; this will be the first-ever human interaction with a currently known black hole.[8] 1A 0620-00 was chosen for this broadcast as it was the closest known black hole to Earth at the time.[9] The message was one of peace and hope according to his family.

gollark: Honestly that's entirely unnecessary and I would probably only need simple splitting into lines and label handling, but you know.
gollark: That's how you would do it in my thing, using a somewhat insane S-expression assembly-ish language.
gollark: Using hypothetical assembly syntax I haven't actually implemented:```# start of memory to add kittens to(add r1 r0 0x1000) # maybe there would be nice dedicated syntax for "set register" actually# end of kittenized region(add r2 r0 0x1600)(label loop (add r3 r0 40) (poke r3 r1 0) (add r3 r0 94) (poke r3 r1 1) # and so on (add r1 r1 8) (jlt r1 r2 loop))```
gollark: To create RAM kittens, all you need to do is `ADD` the ASCII value of each character into a temporary register, `POKE` them into the right memory location (using the per-instruction `POKE` offset, probably), and then do that in a loop.
gollark: I should probably implement arithmetic instructions then a basic assembler, I guess, because hand-writing machine code is unpleasant.

See also

References
  1. "1A 0620-00". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  2. Cantrell, Andrew G.; Bailyn, Charles D.; Orosz, Jerome A.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Remillard, Ronald A.; Froning, Cynthia S.; Neilsen, Joseph; Gelino, Dawn M.; Gou, Lijun (2010). "The Inclination of the Soft X-Ray Transient A0620-00 and the Mass of its Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal. 710 (2): 1127–1141. arXiv:1001.0261. Bibcode:2010ApJ...710.1127C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1127.
  3. Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....1.2025S.
  4. McClintock, J. E.; Remillard, R. A. (1986). "The black hole binary A0620-00". Astrophysical Journal. 308: 110–122. Bibcode:1986ApJ...308..110M. doi:10.1086/164482.
  5. Foellmi, Cédric (2009). "What is the closest black hole to the Sun?". New Astronomy. 14 (8): 674–691. arXiv:0812.4232. Bibcode:2009NewA...14..674F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2009.04.003.
  6. Eachus, L. J.; Wright, E. L.; Liller, W. (1976). "Optical observations of the recurrent nova associated with A0620-00 - 1917-1975". Astrophysical Journal. 2. 203: L17–L19. Bibcode:1976ApJ...203L..17E. doi:10.1086/182009.
  7. Elvis, M.; Page, C. G.; Pounds, K. A.; Ricketts, M. J.; Turner, M. J. L. (1975). "Discovery of powerful transient X-ray source A0620-00 with Ariel V Sky Survey Experiment". Nature. 257: 656, 657. Bibcode:1975Natur.257..656E. doi:10.1038/257656a0.
  8. Ghosh, Pallab (15 June 2018). "Prof Hawking: A fitting way to go". BBC. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  9. Kelly, Guy; Davies, Gareth (15 June 2018). "Stephen Hawking laid to rest between graves of Sir Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  • "A0620-00". Black Hole Encyclopedia. StarDate. 12 February 2012. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Records
Preceded by
Cygnus X-1		 Least distant black hole
1986—2020		 Succeeded by
QV Tel
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