A-kinase-anchoring protein

The A-kinase anchoring proteins or A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell.[1] At least 20 AKAPs have been cloned.[2] There are at least 50 members, often named after their molecular mass.

Function

AKAPs act as scaffold proteins wherein they bind PKA and other signaling proteins and physically tether these multi-protein complexes to specific locations, such as the nucleus, in cells. This allows specific targeting of substrates to be regulated by phosphorylation (by PKA) and dephosphorylation (by phosphatases). The dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the regulatory subunit dimer of PKA binds with the A-kinase binding (AKB) domain (an amphipathic helix) of AKAP. The AKAPs also bind other components, including; phosphodiesterases (PDEs) which break down cAMP, phosphatases which dephosphorylate downstream PKA targets and also other kinases (PKC and MAPK). Some AKAPs are able to bind both regulatory subunits (RI & RII) of PKA and are dual-specific AKAPs (D-AKAP1 and D-AKAP2).

List of AKAPs
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gollark: ```cIn file included from ../src/statement.cc:6:../src/macros.h:112:22: warning: ‘v8::Local<v8::Value> Nan::MakeCallback(v8::Local<v8::Object>, v8::Local<v8::Function>, int, v8::Local<v8::Value>*)’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] 112 | Nan::MakeCallback((context), (callback), (argc), (argv)) | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~../src/macros.h:105:5: note: in expansion of macro ‘TRY_CATCH_CALL’ 105 | TRY_CATCH_CALL((obj), \ | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~../src/statement.cc:78:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘EMIT_EVENT’ 78 | EMIT_EVENT(stmt->handle(), 2, argv); | ^~~~~~~~~~In file included from ../src/database.h:10, from ../src/statement.cc:7:../../../../nan/nan.h:1026:46: note: declared here 1026 | NAN_DEPRECATED inline v8::Local<v8::Value> MakeCallback(```
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References
  1. Langeberg, LK; Scott, JD (1 August 2005). "A-kinase-anchoring proteins". Journal of Cell Science. 118 (15): 3217–3220. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.621.7853. doi:10.1242/jcs.02416. PMID 16079273.
  2. Schwartz JH (November 2001). "The many dimensions of cAMP signaling". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (24): 13482–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.251533998. PMC 61065. PMID 11717418.
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