81/14 Model 35 Mortar

The 81/14 Model 35 Mortar was an Italian World War II infantry mortar. It was the standard weapon of the Italian Army during the war, of typical Brandt-system construction, but relatively lightweight, with good range and considered very successful.[1]

81/14 Model 35 Mortar
Type	Mortar
Place of origin	Kingdom of Italy
Service history
Used by	Kingdom of Italy
Wars	Second World War
Production history
Manufacturer	CEMSA Arsenale Regio Esercito di Piacenza (AREP)
Specifications
Mass	barrel 21.34 kg (47.0 lb), bipod 18.02 kg (39.7 lb), plate 20.026 kg (44.15 lb), total 59.56 kg (131.3 lb)[1]
Barrel length	1.151 m (3 ft 9 in) L/14.2[1]
Shell weight	Light bomb: 3.2 kg (7 lb 1 oz) Heavy bomb: 6.8 kg (15 lb)
Caliber	81 mm (3.2 in)
Elevation	40°-90°[2]
Traverse	8.3°[2]
Rate of fire	18 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity	Light bomb: 255 m/s (840 ft/s) Heavy bomb: 135 m/s (440 ft/s)[3]
Effective firing range	Light bomb: 4 km (2.5 mi) Heavy bomb: 1.5 km (0.93 mi)[1]

The weapon used two kinds of ammunition, a heavy high-explosive shell weighing 6.86 kg (15.1 lb) and a lighter shell weighing 3.26 kg (7.2 lb) for long distance fire.[1]

History

Development

The Royal Italian Army during the Great War had employed, alongside the various models of grenade launchers and mortars, the innovative mortar ML 3 inch Stokes. In the early thirties the Kingdom of Italy bought the Brandt 81 mm Mle 1927 directly in France, derived from the Stokes, to equip the troops sent to Ethiopia. Trials concluded that the Brandt was so great a weapon that, in addition to having a significant commercial success, in a few years was built under license or copied in most of the major countries of the world. Even in Italy in fact the company Costruzioni Elettro-Meccaniche di Saronno, in addition to producing the Brandt license, created an improved version, the Mortaio da 81 Mod. 35, which proved to be the best of the mortars of the Royal Italian Army.

At the end of the thirties the CEMSA privately developed an enhanced version of Mod. 35, proposed to the Italian armed forces and on the foreign market, the CEMSA 81 mm L.P. (Lunga Portata, or "long-range"). This piece, which faithfully modeled on the setting of the Mod. 35, differed especially for the presence of a cooling system of the barrel.

Use

Italy entered World War II, June 10, 1940, resulting in Service in the Royal Italian Army 2177 pieces Mod. 35. These were assigned to 212 mortars companies [2], each on three platoons with two weapons each.[4] According to the Pariani order, in each infantry division there must be a battalion of mortars with two mortars companies of 81; another company was in an organic to each of the two regiments of infantry. After the armistice of Cassibile the Mod. 35 was also used by the National Republican Army of the Italian Social Republic and remained in service with the Italian Army until the sixties.

During the Winter War, as part of the Italian military aid to Finland (also including carbines Carcano Mod. 38) were ordained a hundred Mod. 35, called KRH 81/36-I; the "KRH" acronym is short for kranaatinheitin ("mortar") in Finnish; the letters "I" stands for italialainen ("Italian") and served to distinguish the piece of CEMSA from other derivatives French Brandt and his Polish and Hungarian products, all purchased from the Scandinavian country. During the Continuation War, the same Italian mortars ended up in the hands of the Wehrmacht, and was renamed 8.1 cm GrW 276 (i).[5] They were joined by 200 mortars delivered in April 1944 by CEMSA to the Germans who occupied northern Italy.[6]

References

1. Norris, John (2002). Infantry Mortars of World War II. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 36. ISBN 978-1-84176-414-6.
2. "81-MM MORTAR (ITALIAN MODEL 35)". Intelligence Bulletin. LoneSentry.com. January 1943. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
3. Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Mortars and rockets. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p. 12. ISBN 0668038179. OCLC 2067459.
4. "Ordinamento Regio esercito".
5. "Finnish Mortars".
6. Nicola Pignato, Le armi e le Artiglierie. N. Pignato, op. cit. pag. 57.

External links

• WW II US Intelligence Bulletin description of the weapon