OVP 1918

The OVP was a submachine gun developed in Italy.[1]

OVP
TypeSubmachine gun
Place of originItaly
Service history
Used byItaly
WarsSecond Italo-Ethiopian War
World War II
Production history
ManufacturerOfficine di Villar Perosa [1]
Specifications
Mass3.6 kg (7 lb 15 oz)
Length902 mm (2 ft 11.5 in)
Barrel length279 mm (11.0 in)
Cartridge9mm Glisenti[2]
Caliber9mm
ActionDelayed blowback, selective fire
Rate of fire900 rpm cyclic
Muzzle velocity318 m/s (1,000 ft/s)
Feed system25 round detachable box magazine

Development

The Italians were among the first armies ever to adopt a submachine gun, or more correctly, a light automatic gun firing a pistol cartridge. This was the Villar Perosa made by Officine di Villar Perosa (OVP). That ceased to be a service weapon in 1918, but the mechanism was a sound design and shortly after the end of the war, OVP were asked to produce a more practical weapon. The resultant weapon was the OVP submachine gun.

History

The OVP was little more than the barrel and action of the VP attached to a wooden buttstock and provided with a trigger and some small refinements.

Although formally classed as a delayed blowback, the delay is minimal and certainly had little practical effect as seen by the high rate of fire. The mechanism is the usual one of bolt and return spring, but the bolt is controlled by a track in the receiver body that causes the bolt to rotate 45 degrees as it closes. The striker carries a lug bearing on the receiver track that also bears on a cam face on the bolt, so that the firing pin, driven by the return spring, cannot go forward to fire the cartridge until the bolt has rotated. When the gun is fired, recoil of the cartridge case moves the bolt back, causing it to rotate to the unlocked position, during which movement the pin is withdrawn by the action of the bolt's cam surface. Once unlocked the bolt is free to recoil and complete the firing cycle.[3]

An unusual feature of the OVP that was not on the original VP gun was the use of a cylindrical sleeve surrounding the receiver for cocking the weapon. This was grasped and pulled to the rear to retract the bolt and then pushed forward during firing. Another oddity, this time carried over from the VP, was the provision of a slot in the rear edge of the top mounted magazine that allowed the firer to see how many rounds remained inside it. However, this also allowed dust and dirt to enter the magazine.[4]

The OVP was issued in the early 1920s and by the time of World War II had been largely replaced by the various Beretta models. However the OVP saw use in the Abyssinian war and was used in small numbers by some Italian units in the Western Desert in 1941. After this it appears that the weapon was withdrawn from service and surviving specimens of this weapon are rare.[5]

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References
  1. McCollum, Ian (July 7, 2018). "OVP 1918: Italy's first WW1 Submachine Gun". Forgotten Weapons. Forgotten Weapons. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  2. Pirocchi, Angelo (2004). Italian Arditi: Elite Assault Troops 1917-20. Osprey Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 1-84176-686-0.
  3. Hogg, Ian (1977). The encyclopedia of Infantry Weapons of World War II. Bison Books. p. 66. ISBN 0-690-01447-3.
  4. Hogg, Ian (1977). The encyclopedia of Infantry Weapons of World War II. Bison Books. p. 66. ISBN 0-690-01447-3.
  5. Hogg, Ian (1977). The encyclopedia of Infantry Weapons of World War II. Bison Books. p. 66. ISBN 0-690-01447-3.
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