2013 Bulgarian nuclear power referendum

A referendum on building a new nuclear power plant was held in Bulgaria on 27 January 2013.[1] Whilst it was not explicitly mentioned in the question, it was widely acknowledged that the referendum was about restarting construction at the Belene Nuclear Power Plant.[2][3]

Bulgarian nuclear power referendum, 2013
"Should nuclear energy be developed in Bulgaria through construction of a new nuclear power plant?"
Results Votes % Yes 851,757 61.49% No 533,526 38.51% Valid votes 1,385,283 98.56% Invalid or blank votes 20,180 1.44% Total votes 1,405,463 100.00% Registered voters/turnout 20.22%
Results by Oblast (област)   Yes     No
Source: CEC

Results of Bulgarian nuclear power referendum, 2013 by electoral district:

  >70% "yes"

  65-70% "yes"

  60-65% "yes"

  55-60% "yes"

  50-55% "yes"

  45-50% "yes"

Although the proposal was approved in all 31 electoral divisions, turnout did not pass the required 60% threshold, resulting in the referendum becoming non-binding.[4]

Background

Construction on the Belene Nuclear Power Plant began in the 1980s, but was later frozen. The Bulgarian government was also forced to close four nuclear reactors as a condition of joining the European Union in 2007. In 2008 the Socialist Party government approved a contract for restarting construction. However, in March 2012 the GERB-led government scrapped plans to continue building the plant, claiming that it could not afford to invest a further €10 billion, after €1 billion had already been spent on the project, and that the electricity produced would be too expensive.[1] According to some analysts however, electricity produced by Belene would be cheaper than current sources.[5]

The Socialist Party claimed that it would only cost between €4 and €6 billion. They started a petition, and collected over 500,000 signatures, enough to force a referendum.[1] Although the petition called for a referendum on the future of the Belene NPP project, the word "Belene" was subsequently removed from the question on insistence by the ruling GERB party.[4][6]

Electoral system

The referendum requires a turnout of at least 60% for the referendum to be valid.[1] Voters were asked the question "Should nuclear energy be developed in Bulgaria through construction of a new nuclear power plant?"[7]

Campaign

Supporters of the plant argued that it would mean the country would not have to buy electricity from Romania and Turkey, whilst opponents have claimed that it would increase the country's energy dependence on Russia,[1] as the Russian firm Atomstroyexport had been contracted to build the plant.[8]

Results

Choice	Votes	%
For	851,757	61.49
Against	533,526	38.51
Invalid/blank votes	20,180	–
Total	1,405,463	100
Registered voters/turnout	6,952,183	20.22
Source: CEC

References

1. Q&A: Bulgaria's nuclear energy referendum BBC News, 25 January 2013
2. 21.8% Turnout in Bulgaria's Nuclear Referendum, 61% Say 'Yes' - Pollster Novinite.com, 28 January 2013 ("Subsequently, however, Prime Minister Boyko Borisov changed his mind, and urged GERB voters to vote with "no" because the referendum question anyway referred to Belene, and GERB was against the project.")
3. Bulgaria's Top Diplomat Votes No on Belene NPP in US Novinite.com, 27 January 2013 ("I voted against the obsolete, costly and unsafe project to build a second Nuclear Power Plant in the Danube town of Belene.")
4. In historic vote, Bulgarian voters back new nuclear plant EurActiv
5. "България падна заради американски ТЕЦ и евроинтеграцията". Blitz. 21 February 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
6. "Без АЕЦ "Белене" във въпроса за националното допитване". Mediapool. 24 October 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
7. Bulgarians vote in referendum on nuclear energy Deutsche Welle
8. Bulgaria nuclear vote 'invalidated by low turnout' BBC News, 27 January 2013