1973 French legislative election

French legislative elections took place on 4 and 11 March 1973 to elect the fifth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.

1973 French legislative election

4 March and 11 March 1973
All 491 seats to the French National Assembly 246 seats were needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Pierre Messmer François Mitterrand Party UDR PS Leader's seat Moselle-8th Nièvre-3rd Last election 354 seats 57 seats Seats won 272^* 102 Seat change 82 45 Popular vote 8,242,661 (1st round) 10,701,135 (2nd round) 4,559,241 (1st round) 5,564,610 (2nd round) Percentage 34.68% (1st round) 45.62% (2nd round) 19.18% (1st round) 23.72% (2nd round)   Third party Fourth party   Leader Georges Marchais Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber (Radical), Jean Lecanuet (CD, above) Party PCF Reforming Movement Leader's seat none Nancy (Servan-Schreiber), Seine-Maritime (Lecanuet) Last election 34 seats 33 (Progress and Modern Democracy) Seats won 73 30 Seat change 39 3 Popular vote 5,085,108 (1st round) 4,893,876 (2nd round) 2,979,781 (1st round) 1,631,978 (2nd round) Percentage 21.39% (1st round) 20.86% (2nd round) 12.54% (1st round) 6.96% (2nd round)
^* Including Independent Republicans and Centre, Democracy and Progress.
PM before election Pierre Messmer UDR Elected PM Pierre Messmer UDR

In order to end the May 1968 crisis, President Charles de Gaulle dissolved the National Assembly and his party, the Gaullist Party Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), obtained the absolute majority of the seats. Nevertheless, the failure of his 1969 referendum caused his resignation. His former Prime minister Georges Pompidou was elected President of France.

In order to respond to the discontent expressed during May 1968, Jacques Chaban-Delmas, the left-wing Gaullist who led the cabinet, promoted a programme of reforms for the advent of a "New Society", which advocated social dialogue and political liberalisation. This worried the conservative part of the Presidential Majority and Pompidou himself. Furthermore, Chaban-Delmas was accused, by the presidential circle, to want strengthen his powers to the detriment of Pompidou. In 1972, Chaban-Delmas is replaced by Pierre Messmer, a classical and conservative Gaullist.

After Gaston Defferre's catastrophic result in the 1969 presidential election, the SFIO was replaced by the Socialist Party (PS), formed by the SFIO's merger with an array of political clubs on the democratic left. Two years later, François Mitterrand's Convention of Republican Institutions joined the PS. He took the party's lead during the Epinay Congress, and proposed to form an alliance with the French Communist Party (PCF). In order to prepare the legislative elections, Communists and Socialists signed the Programme commun.

The Radical Party split over the question of the Programme commun. The left-wing minority joined the "Union of Left" and founded the Movement of the Radical-Socialist Left (MGRS). The majority created the Reforming Movement with a part of the center-right. This new group claimed its independence towards the "Union of Left" and the Presidential Majority.

The Programme commun was the main issue of the campaign. Its defenders pleaded the necessity to nationalize banks and companies which were in a situation of monopoly. The members of the Presidential Majority denounced a collectivist project and warned against the participation of Communists in the government if the Left won. The Reforming Movement tried to express a third way rejecting the Marxism of the Left and the Euroscepticism of the Gaullists. But, it was obliged to link with the Right to obtain parliamentary seats.

Whilst the left won an increased number of votes and MPs, the Presidential Majority won the election. The Gaullist UDR lost one third of its parliamentary seats due to the growth of the Left and electoral agreements with its allies, the Independent Republicans and Centre, Democracy and Progress. Messmer was confirmed as Prime Minister.

Results

Parties and coalitions			1st round		2nd round		Total seats
			Votes	%	Votes	%
	Union of Republicans for Progress (Union des républicains de progrès) Union of Democrats for the Republic (Union des démocrates pour la République) Independent Republicans (Républicains indépendants) Centre, Democracy and Progress (Centre, démocratie et progrès)	URP	8,242,661	34.68	10,701,135	45.62	272 183 55 34
	Reforming Movement (Mouvement réformateur)	MR	2,979,781	12.54	1,631,978	6.96	30
	Presidential Majority (Majorité présidentielle)	MAJ	784,735	3.30	337,399	1.44	12
	Miscellaneous Right	DVD	671,505	2.83	21,053	0.09	0
Total Right ("Presidential Majority" and MR)			12,678,682	53.34	12,691,565	54.11	314
	French Communist Party (Parti communiste français)	PCF	5,085,108	21.39	4,893,876	20.86	73
	Socialist Party (Parti socialiste) - Movement of the Radical-Socialist Left (Mouvement de la gauche radicale-socialiste)	PS-MRG	4,559,241	19.18	5,564,610	23.72	102
	Unified Socialist Party (Parti socialiste unifié)	PSU	778,195	3.27	114,540	0.49	1
	Miscellaneous Left	DVG	668,100	2.81	191,441	0.82	0
Total "Union of Left"			11,090,644	46.66	10,764,467	45.89	176
	Total		23,769,326	100.00	23,456,032	100.00	490
Abstention: 18.76% (1st round); 18.11% (2nd round)

Popular vote (first round) URP   34.68% PCF   21.39% PS-MRG   19.18% MR   12.54% MAJ   3.30% PSU   3.27% DVD   2.83% DVG   2.81%

Popular vote (second round) URP   45.62% PS-MRG   23.72% PCF   20.86% MR   6.96% MAJ   1.44% DVG   0.82% PSU   0.49% DVD   0.09%

Seats won URP   55.74% PS-MRG   20.90% PCF   14.96% MR   6.15% MAJ   2.46% DVG   0.82% PSU   0.20%

5th National Assembly by Parliamentary Group

Group		Members	Caucusing	Total
	UDR Group	162	21	183
	Socialist Party and Left Radical Party Group	100	2	102
	Communist Group	73	0	73
	Independent Republicans Group	51	4	55
	RDS Group	30	4	34
	Centrist Union Group	30	0	30
	Non-Inscrits	13	0	13
	Total:	459	31	490

• The Centrist Union group later joined the RDS group.
• The UDR group evolved into the RPR group.