1944 Quebec general election

The 1944 Quebec general election was held on August 8, 1944 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Union Nationale, led by former premier Maurice Duplessis, defeated the incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Adélard Godbout. This was the first Quebec provincial election in which women were allowed to vote, having been granted suffrage at the provincial level in 1940 and at the federal level in 1919.

1944 Quebec general election

August 8, 1944
91 seats in the 22nd Legislative Assembly of Quebec 46 seats were needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Maurice Duplessis Adélard Godbout André Laurendeau Party Union Nationale Liberal Bloc populaire Leader since June 20, 1936 June 11, 1936 July 6, 1942 Leader's seat Trois-Rivières L'Islet Montréal-Laurier Last election 15 seats, 39.13% 70 seats, 54.05% pre-creation Seats won 48 37 4 Seat change 33 33 4 Percentage 38.02% 39.35% 14.40% Swing 1.11pp 14.7pp 14.40pp
Premier before election Adélard Godbout Liberal Premier after election Maurice Duplessis Union Nationale

This election marked Duplessis's comeback after having defeated Godbout in the 1936 election and having lost to him in the 1939 election. Unlike in the 1939 election, when the alcoholic Duplessis was clearly drunk at numerous campaign rallies, le chef had benefited from the time he had spent in an American sanatorium in 1942-43, where he had sobered up, and in the 1944 election, Duplessis refrained from drinking.

The biggest issue during this election was provincial autonomy. In order to appeal to nationalist voters, Duplessis attacked the incumbent premier, claiming that he was not taking a strong enough stand against Ottawa. He mainly criticized Godbout for agreeing to transfer unemployment insurance from the province to the federal government. He also criticized the Rowell-Sirois Commission for its stance on unemployment insurance and equalization payments.[1]

Another reason Duplessis won the election was by appealing to anti-Semitic prejudices in Quebec by making the false claim in a violently anti-Semitic speech that the Dominion government together with the Godbout government had made a secret deal with the "International Zionist Brotherhood" to settle 100,000 Jewish refugees left homeless by the Holocaust in Quebec after the war in exchange for Jewish campaign contributions to both the federal and provincial Liberal parties.[2] By contrast, Duplessis claimed that he was not taking any money from the Jews, and if he were elected Premier, he would stop this plan to bring Jewish refugees to Quebec. To further push on the message, the Union Nationale handed out campaign pamphlets warning about the alleged plan to bring 100,000 Jewish refugees to Quebec, which featured a cartoon of the standard stereotype of an evil-looking, hook-nosed Jew handing bags of money to Godbout while in the background a vast horde of dirty, disreputable-looking, hook-nosed Jewish refugees were ready to descend on la belle province.[3] Through Duplessis's story about the plan to settle 100,000 Jewish refugees in Quebec was entirely false, his story was widely believed in Quebec, and ensured he won the election.[4] Duplessis's biographer Conrad Black argued that Duplessis was in no way personally anti-Semitic, but because the majority of Quebecois were at the time, Duplessis had merely used antisemitism to win the 1944 election.[5] Duplessis won another three elections in a row, for a total of five terms of office (four consecutive), before dying in office in 1959.

In this wartime election, Godbout's support for Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in the Conscription Crisis of 1944 may have contributed to his defeat.

The Bloc Populaire won four seats on an anti-conscription platform. The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (predecessor of the New Democratic Party) won one seat. Party member David Côté was elected to the legislature, but in July 1945, he decided to sit as an independent.

Results

Party		Party leader	# of candidates	Seats			Popular Vote
				1939	Elected	% Change	#	%	% Change
	Union Nationale	Maurice Duplessis	90	15	48	+220%		38.02%	-1.1%
	Liberal	Adélard Godbout	91	70	37	-47.1%		39.35%	-14.7%
	Bloc populaire	André Laurendeau	80	*	4	*		14.40%	*
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Romuald-Joseph Lamoureux [6]	25	0	1	*		2.56%	*
	Other		47	1	1			5.67%	+3.3%
Total				86	91	+5.8%		100%

Note:

* Information on party's actions in previous election not available.

Popular vote PLQ   39.35% UN   38.02% BP   14.40% CCF   2.56% Others   5.67%

Seats summary UN   52.75% PLQ   40.66% BP   4.40% CCF   1.10% Others   1.10%

Footnotes

1. Sarra-Bournet, Michel. "Biography - DUPLESSIS, MAURICE LE NOBLET". Dictionary of Canadian Biography.
2. Knowles, Valerie Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1540-2006, Toronto: Dundun Press, 2007 page 149.
3. Abella, Irving & Troper, Harold None is too many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933-1948, Toronto: L & O Denny, 1986 page 162.
4. Knowles, Valerie Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1540-2006, Toronto: Dundun Press, 2007 page 149.
5. Black, Conrad Duplesisis, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1977 page 719
6. Maurice Duplessis reprend le pouvoir, Les Archives de Radio-Canada, August 8, 1944

See also

• List of Quebec premiers
• Politics of Quebec
• Timeline of Quebec history
• List of Quebec political parties
• 22nd Legislative Assembly of Quebec