1697

1697 (MDCXCVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1697th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 697th year of the 2nd millennium, the 97th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1697, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century 17th century 18th century
Decades:	1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s
Years:	1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700

1697 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1697 MDCXCVII
Ab urbe condita	2450
Armenian calendar	1146 ԹՎ ՌՃԽԶ
Assyrian calendar	6447
Balinese saka calendar	1618–1619
Bengali calendar	1104
Berber calendar	2647
English Regnal year	9 Will. 3 – 10 Will. 3
Buddhist calendar	2241
Burmese calendar	1059
Byzantine calendar	7205–7206
Chinese calendar	丙子年 (Fire Rat) 4393 or 4333     — to — 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 4394 or 4334
Coptic calendar	1413–1414
Discordian calendar	2863
Ethiopian calendar	1689–1690
Hebrew calendar	5457–5458
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1753–1754
- Shaka Samvat	1618–1619
- Kali Yuga	4797–4798
Holocene calendar	11697
Igbo calendar	697–698
Iranian calendar	1075–1076
Islamic calendar	1108–1109
Japanese calendar	Genroku 10 (元禄１０年)
Javanese calendar	1620–1621
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	4030
Minguo calendar	215 before ROC 民前215年
Nanakshahi calendar	229
Thai solar calendar	2239–2240
Tibetan calendar	阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1823 or 1442 or 670     — to — 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1824 or 1443 or 671

September 11: Battle of Zenta.

Events

January–June

• January – French writer Charles Perrault publishes Histoires ou contes du temps passé ("Mother Goose tales") in Paris, a collection of popular fairy tales, including Cinderella, Puss in Boots, Red Riding Hood, The Sleeping Beauty and Bluebeard.
• January 8 – Scottish student Thomas Aikenhead is hanged outside Edinburgh, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy.
• March 9 – Grand Embassy of Peter the Great: Tsar Peter the Great of Russia sets out to travel in Europe incognito, as Artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov.
• March 13 – The Spanish conquest of Petén, and of Yucatán, is completed with the fall of Nojpetén, capital of the Itza Maya Kingdom, the last independent Maya state.
• March 22 – Charles II of Spain issues a Royal Cedula extending to the indigenous nobles of the Spanish Crown colonies, as well as to their descendants, the preeminence and honors customarily attributed to the Hidalgos of Castile.
• March 26 – Safavid occupation of Basra: Safavid government troops take control of Basra.
• April 5 – Charles XII, the Swedish Meteor, becomes king of Sweden upon the death of his father, Charles XI.
• May 17 (May 7 Old Style) – The 13th century royal Tre Kronor ("Three Crowns") castle in Stockholm burns to the ground. A large portion of the royal library is destroyed.
• June 1 – Augustus II the Strong is elected king of Poland.
• June 30 – The earliest known first-class cricket match takes place in Sussex, England.

July–December

• September 5 – Nine Years' War: Battle of Hudson's Bay – The French warship Pélican captures York Factory, a trading post of the English Hudson's Bay Company in modern-day Manitoba (Canada).
• September 11 – Battle of Zenta: Prince Eugene of Savoy crushes the Ottoman army of Mustafa II, and effectively ends Turkish hopes of recovering lost ground in Hungary.
• September 20 – The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France and the Grand Alliance, to end both the Nine Years' War and King William's War. The conflict having been inconclusive, the treaty is proposed because the combatants have exhausted their national treasuries. Louis XIV of France recognises William III as King of England & Scotland, and both sides return territories they have taken in battle. In North America, the treaty returns Port Royal (Nova Scotia) to France. In practice, the treaty is little more than a truce; it does not resolve any of the fundamental colonial problems, and the peace lasts only five years.
• October – The 6th Dalai Lama is installed.
• December 2 – Rebuilt St Paul's Cathedral is opened in London.
• December 7 – Louis, Duke of Burgundy, and Marie Adélaïde of Savoy marry in the royal chapel at the Palace of Versailles in France.
• December 11 – A ball in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles is held to celebrate the Duke of Burgundy and Marie Adélaïde's wedding.
• December 14 – Charles XII of Sweden is crowned king at the age of 15.

Date unknown

• The Manchus of the Qing dynasty conquer Outer Mongolia.
• The British government passes An Act to settle the Trade to Africa, confirming the Royal African Company's loss of monopoly on the slave trade.
• Christopher Polhem starts Sweden's first technical school.
• The use of litters increases in Europe.

Ongoing

• Great Famine of 1695–1697 in Scandinavia.
• Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97).
• "Seven ill years" of famine in Scotland.

Births

William Hogarth

• January 30 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist and composer (d. 1773)
• February 24 – Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, German anatomist (d. 1770)
• March 9 – Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress (d. 1760)
• May 10 – Jean-Marie Leclair, French violinist and composer (k. 1764)
• August 6 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1745)
• October 7 – Canaletto, Italian artist (d. 1768)
• October 22 – Catharina von Schlegel, German hymn writer (d. after 1768)
• October 26 – John Peter Zenger, German American newspaper printer (d. 1746)
• November 10 – William Hogarth, English artist (d. 1764)

Deaths

Charles XI of Sweden

• January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead, Scottish student (hanged) (b. c. 1678)
• January 12 – Andrzej Stech, Polish painter (b. 1635)
• January 26 – Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (b. 1640)
• January 28 – John Fenwick, English conspirator (b. c. 1645)
• February 4 – Adrien de Wignacourt, French 63rd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1618)
• February 5 – Esaias Fleischer, Danish priest (b. 1633)
• February 11 – Georg Händel, German musician (b. 1622)
• February 17 – Francis Dane, American colonial priest (b. 1615)
• March 1 – Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
• March 12 – Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve (b. 1653)
• March 19 – Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (b. 1665)
• March 26 – Godfrey McCulloch, Scottish politician and murderer (executed) (b. 1640)
• March 27 – Simon Bradstreet, English colonial magistrate (b. 1603)
• April 4 – Andrea Carlone, Italian painter (b. 1626)
• April 5 – King Charles XI of Sweden (b. 1655)
• April 8 – Niels Juel, Danish admiral (b. 1629)
• May 2 – Simon Henry, Count of Lippe-Detmold (1666–1697) (b. 1649)
• May 8 – Sir Richard Temple, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1634)
• May 24 – Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, German duke (b. 1649)
• June 3 – Silvius II Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (b. 1651)
• June 7 – John Aubrey, English antiquary and writer (b. 1626)
• June 10 – Francis Pemberton, English judge, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench (b. 1624)
• June 12 – Ann Baynard, English natural philosopher (b. 1672)
• June 18 – Gregorio Barbarigo, Italian Catholic saint (b. 1625)
• June 19 – Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough, English diplomat (b. 1621)
• June 21 – Joseph Anthelmi, French ecclesiastical historian (b. 1648)
• July 18
  • Thomas Dolman, English politician (b. 1622)
  • António Vieira, Portuguese writer (b. 1608)
• July 30 – Lorentz Mortensen Angell, Norwegian merchant and landowner (b. 1626)
• August 5 – Jean-Baptiste de Santeul, French writer (b. 1630)
• November 8 – Samuel Enys, English politician (b. 1611)
• November 22 – Libéral Bruant, French architect (b. c. 1635)
• December 17 – Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Poland (b. 1653)
• December 20 – Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental (b. 1652)
• December 31 – Lucas Faydherbe, Belgian sculptor and architect (b. 1617)
• date unknown – Karin Thomasdotter, Finnish official (b. 1610)

References