Palatal hook

The palatal hook (  ̡) is a type of hook diacritic formerly used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent palatalized consonants.[1] It is a small, leftwards-facing hook joined to the bottom-right side of a letter, and is distinguished from various other hooks indicating retroflexion, etc.

N with palatal hook, followed by eng, a palatal nasal and a retroflex n for comparison.

The IPA recommended that esh (ʃ) and ezh (ʒ) not use the palatal hook, but instead get special curled symbols: ʆ and ʓ. However, versions with the hook may have been used by some authors.

The palatal hook was withdrawn by the IPA in 1989, in favour of a superscript j following the consonant (i.e., ƫ becomes ).[1]

Palatal hooks are also used in Lithuanian dialectology by the Lithuanian Phonetic Transcription System (or Lithuanian Phonetic Alphabet).[2] and in the orthography of Nez Perce.

Computer encoding

Unicode includes both a combining character for the palatal hook, as well as several precomposed characters, including superscript letters with palatal hooks.

While LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK has been in Unicode since 1991, the rest were not added until 2005 or later. As such, font support for the latter characters is much less than for the former.

AppearanceCode pointName
 ̡U+0321COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
U+1D80LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A7C4LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A794LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D81LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D82LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D83LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A795LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D84LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D85LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1DAAMODIFIER LETTER L WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D86LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D87LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D88LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D89LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8ALATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8BLATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH PALATAL HOOK
ƫU+01ABLATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1DB5MODIFIER LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8CLATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8DLATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+A7C6LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK
U+1D8ELATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK
gollark: - I believe our country should construct its own god to reduce reliance on foreign imports, and maintain a stock of reality anchors to remove other gods if necessary.
gollark: - I think that consumption, possession, distribution and production of all drugs should be legal everywhere for everyone at all times.- I support an improved tax system, where everyone in the country is directly billed `country's yearly operating expenses / population` each year, to increase fairness.
gollark: - I believe we should end racial discrimination by replacing computer monitors with 1-bit black and white displays so race cannot be distinguished.
gollark: - As eating meat places suffering on millions of innocent animals, I believe animal meat should be replaced with human flesh from donors, as humans are able to meaningfully consent to this while animals are not (and don't get a choice in practice anyway).
gollark: - To increase the efficiency of the education system and encourage self-directed learning, I believe schools should lock children in individual cubicles with textbooks for 5 hours a day instead of using classrooms and teachers.

References

  1. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. 1999.
  2. Tumasonis, Vladas; Pentzlin, Karl (2011-05-24). "N4070: Second revised proposal to add characters used in Lithuanian dialectology to the UCS" (PDF). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
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