List of mammals of Christmas Island

This is a list of the mammal species recorded on Christmas Island. The island had five native and endemic land mammal species, of which four are now presumed to be extinct.[1] In addition, five exotic wild mammals have been introduced to Christmas Island.

Carnivora

Introduced cats and dogs are a threat to native wildlife on Christmas Island and can carry potentially dangerous pathogens, such as Leptospira.[2] In 2014, the Australian Government announced a $500,000 investment to help eradicate stray and feral cats on the island, with the aim of complete eradication by 2020.[3] As of 2016, all pet cats on Christmas Island have been registered and de-sexed and no further cats will be permitted onto the island.[4]

Name	Species authority	Order	Family	Notes
Feral cat[5]	Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758	Carnivora	Felidae	introduced
Feral dog[5]	Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758	Carnivora	Canidae	introduced

Chiroptera

Christmas Island was once home to two native bat species, of which only one is extant. The Christmas Island pipistrelle was endemic to the island until 2009, when the last individual was recorded. In 2016, the species was assessed as extinct by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.[6] The remaining native bat species Pteropus natalis (Christmas Island flying fox) is classified as critically endangered.[7]

Name	Species authority	Order	Family	Notes	Red List
Christmas Island pipistrelle	Pipistrellus murrayi Andrews, 1900	Chiroptera	Vespertilionidae	was endemic - last reported in 2009[8]	7 [6]
Christmas Island flying fox	Pteropus natalis Thomas, 1887	Chiroptera	Pteropodidae	endemic[9]	7 [7]

Eulipotyphla

The Christmas Island shrew, once abundant on the island, has been very rare since the early twentieth century.[10] Since 1909, only four confirmed individuals have been recorded: two in 1958, and two in 1985.[10]

Name	Species authority	Order	Family	Notes	Red List
Christmas Island shrew	Crocidura trichura Dobson, 1889	Eulipotyphla	Soricidae	endemic - possibly extinct - last observed in 1985[1]	7 [10]

Rodentia

At the time of human settlement, Christmas Island hosted two endemic rodents, the bulldog rat and Maclear's rat. However, both species were extinct by 1908.[11][12] There is evidence that black rats, introduced to the island in 1899, carried the infectious parasite Trypanosoma lewisi, which was fatal to the native rodents.[13]

Name	Species authority	Order	Family	Notes	Red List
Maclear's rat	Rattus macleari Thomas, 1888	Rodentia	Muridae	endemic - extinct	7 [11]
Bulldog rat	Rattus nativitatis Thomas, 1888	Rodentia	Muridae	endemic - extinct	7 [12]
Black rat[5]	Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758	Rodentia	Muridae	introduced in 1899[13]	7 [14]
House mouse[5]	Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758	Rodentia	Muridae	introduced	7 [15]
Pacific rat[16]	Rattus exulans Peale, 1848	Rodentia	Muridae	introduced	7 [16]

Cetacea

Name	Species authority	Order	Family	Notes	Red List
Humpback whale	Megaptera novaeangliae Gray, 1846	Cetacea	Balaenopteridae	native migrant	7 [17]
Blue or pygmy blue whales	Balaenoptera musculus intermedia Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Balaenoptiidae	possible migrant	7
Southern fin whale	Balaenoptera physalus quoyi Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Balaenoptiidae	native migrant or resident	7
Sei whale	Balaenoptera borealis schlegelii Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Balaenoptiidae	native migrant	7
Bryde's whale	Balaenoptera brydei Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Balaenoptiidae	native migrant or resident	7
Antarctic minke whale	Balaenoptera bonaerensis Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Physeteridae	native migrant	7
Sperm whale	Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Physeteridae	native migrant or resident	7 [18]
Short-finned pilot whale	Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846	Cetacea	Globicephala	native migrant or resident	7 [19]
Killer whale	Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Delphinidae	native migrant or resident	7 [20]
Spinner dolphin	Stenella longirostris Gray, 1828	Cetacea	Delphinidae	native migrant or resident	7
Short-beaked common dolphin	Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758	Cetacea	Delphinidae	native migrant or resident	7
Common bottlenose dolphin	Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821	Cetacea	Delphinidae	possible migrant	7

Sirenia

Name	Species authority	Order	Family	Notes	Red List
Dugong	Dugong dugon Lacépède, 1799	Sirenia	Dugongidae	possible vagrant	7 [20]

See also

• List of birds of Christmas Island
• List of mammals of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

References

1. John Woinarski "Australian endangered species: Christmas Island Shrew" The Conversation, 9 May 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
2. "Potentially serious pathogens found in feral cats on Christmas Island" Murdoch University press release. January 18, 2016. Archived November 24, 2017.
3. Australian Government Department of the Environment (2014) "Christmas Island feral cat eradication" Accessed 24 November 2017.
4. Australian Government Department of the Environment (2016) "Christmas Island feral cat eradication": Year 2 update (6-year project) Accessed 24 November 2017.
5. "Native animals" Christmas Island National Park, Australian government. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
6. Lumsden, L.; Racey, P.A. & Hutson, A.M. (2017). "Pipistrellus murrayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T136769A518894. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T136769A518894.en.
7. Hutson, A.M.; Kingston, T.; James, D.; Lumsden, L.; Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. (2008). "Pteropus melanotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T18740A8525654. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18740A8525654.en.
8. Tara Martin, "Threat of extinction demands fast and decisive action" The Conversation, 24 July 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
9. "Pteropus natalis — Christmas Island Flying-fox Species Profile and Threats Database, Australian government. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
10. L. Lumsden & M. Schulz (2008). "Crocidura trichura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2010.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
11. Lamoreux, J. (2009). "Rattus macleari". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2009.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
12. Lamoreux, J. (2008). "Rattus nativitatis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2009.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
13. Wyatt KB, Campos PF, Gilbert MTP, Kolokotronis S-O, Hynes WH, DeSalle R, et al. (2008) Historical Mammal Extinction on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) Correlates with Introduced Infectious Disease PLoS ONE, 3(11): e3602. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003602.
14. Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2008). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
15. Musser G, Amori G, Hutterer R, Kryštufek B, Yigit N, Mitsain G (2008). "Mus musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2008.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
16. Ruedas, L.; Heaney, L. & Molur, S. (2008). "Rattus exulans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2016.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
17. "Christmas Island Local Planning Strategy - Shire of Christmas Island" (pdf). 2015: 1–93. Retrieved 2016-04-19. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
18. Jenner M.. 2015. Cetacean Season 2015. Center for Whale Research - Western Australia
19. Creatures
20. "Conservation values in Commonwealth waters of the Christmas and Cocos(Keeling) Island remote Australian territories" (pdf). 2009: 1–222. Retrieved 2016-04-19. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Further reading

• "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Christmas Island". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
• "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
• "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.