Bulldog rat
The bulldog rat (Rattus nativitatis) is an extinct species of rat endemic to Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, it was one of two rats endemic to Christmas island alongside Maclear's rat.
| Bulldog rat | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Genus: | Rattus |
| Species: | †R. nativitatis |
| Binomial name | |
| †Rattus nativitatis (Thomas, 1888) | |
Description
The head and body length was about 25-27 cm, considerably larger than black rats, and their backs were covered in a two centimetre thick layer of fat. They have been estimated to weigh 250-300 g. They had short, thick tails estimated to be around 17.5 cm long. Their hair was described as being thick and coarse and dark reddish brown in colour, with a slightly lighter underside.[2] Despite traditionally thought to be a part of the genus Rattus, the bulldog rat is now thought to be nested within Bunomys, a genus otherwise endemic to Sulawesi and surrounding islands.[3]
Life history
The rats lived on the higher hills and denser forests of the island. They lived in small colonies, in burrows among the roots of trees or under hollow logs of sago palms in primary forest. They were sluggish, never climbed and have been suggested to have been half-dazed in daylight, and were strictly nocturnal. [2]
Extinction
The last record dates from 1903. They are suggested to have succumbed to a disease brought by black rats that had been inadvertently introduced by sailors, as mass die offs are noted around 1902-1903, after which it was never seen again.[4]
References
- Lamoreux, J. (2008). "Rattus nativitatis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2009.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- "Rattus nativitatis — Bulldog Rat, Christmas Island Burrowing Rat". Species Profile and Threats Database www.environment.gov.au. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- Ali, Jason R; Aitchison, Jonathan C; Meiri, Shai (5 May 2020). "Redrawing Wallace's Line based on the fauna of Christmas Island, eastern Indian Ocean". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 130 (1): 225–237. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa018. ISSN 0024-4066.
- Wyatt KB, Campos PF, Gilbert MT, Kolokotronis SO, Hynes WH, et al. (2008). "Historical mammal extinction on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) correlates with introduced infectious disease". PLoS ONE. 3 (11): e3602. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003602. PMC 2572834. PMID 18985148.
Further reading
- Flannery, Tim & Schouten, Peter (2001). A Gap in Nature: Discovering the World's Extinct Animals. Atlantic Monthly Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-87113-797-5.