List of mammals of India

This list of mammals of India comprises all the mammal species alive in India today. Some of them are common to the point of being considered vermin while others are exceedingly rare. Many species are known from just a few zoological specimens in museums collected in the 19th and 20th centuries. Many of the carnivores and larger mammals are restricted in their distribution to forests in protected areas, while others live within cities in the close proximity of humans. They range in size from the Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) to the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They include nocturnal small mammals endemic to India such as the Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina). While the status of many of these species is unknown, some are definitely extinct. Populations of many carnivores are threatened. The tiger (Panthera tigris), dhole (Cuon alpinus), Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina) and Himalayan wolf (Canis himalayensis) are some of the most endangered carnivore species. Two rhinoceros species are extinct within the Indian region but the remaining species has its last stronghold within India. The Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) was extirpated in India in the 1950s.

Part of a series on the
Wildlife of India

Order: Insectivora

Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs

Family Talpidae: moles

Family Soricidae: shrews

Soricinae

Crocidurinae

Order: Scandentia

Family Tupaiidae: treeshrews
Indian tree-shrew (Anathana ellioti) in Yercaud, India

Tupaiinae

Order: Chiroptera: bats

Family Pteropodidae: fruit bats

Family Rhinopomatidae: mouse-tailed bats

Family Emballonuridae: sheath-tailed bats

Family Megadermatidae: false vampire bats

Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe bats

Family Hipposideridae: leaf-nosed bats

Family Vespertilionidae: evening bats

Family Molossidae: free-tailed bats

Order: Primates
Slender loris in Tamil Nadu

Family Lorisidae: lorises
Bonnet macaque in southern India
Tufted grey langur in Biligiriranga Hills

Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
  • Stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) (I. Geoffroy, 1831)
  • Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) (M’Clelland, 1840)
  • Nicobar long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosa) Miller, 1902
  • Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) (Zimmermann, 1780)
  • Arunachal macaque (Macaca munzala) Sinha et al., 2004[2]
  • Northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) (Blyth, 1863)
  • Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
  • Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Nepal grey langur (Semnopithecus schistaceus) (Hodgson, 1840)
  • Tarai grey langur (Semnopithecus hector) (Pocock, 1928)
  • Kashmir grey langur (Semnopithecus ajax) (Pocock, 1928)
  • Northern plains grey langur (Semnopithecus entellus) (Dufresne, 1797)
  • Southern plains grey langur (Semnopithecus dussumieri) (Dufresne, 1797)
  • Black-footed grey langur (Semnopithecus hypoleucos) Blyth, 1841
  • Tufted grey langur (Semnopithecus priam) Blyth, 1844
  • Capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) (Blyth, 1843)
  • Phayre's leaf monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei) (Blyth, 1847)
  • Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii) (J. Fischer, 1829)
  • Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) (Khajuria, 1956)

Family Hylobatidae: lesser apes (gibbons)

Earlier classified as a single species, the hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock) has been reclassified as follows:[3]

Order: Carnivora: Carnivorans

Family Canidae: canines/dogs
Indian wolf at Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar, Gujarat
Indian jackal in Central India
Dhole
  • Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) Linnaeus, 1758
  • Golden jackal (Canis aureus) Linnaeus, 1758
  • Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Linnaeus, 1758
  • Bengal fox (Vulpes bengalensis) (Shaw, 1800)
  • Dhole (Cuon alpinus) (Pallas, 1811)
  • Tibetan sand fox (Vulpes ferrilata) Hodgson, 1842[4]

Family Felidae: cats
Indian leopard in Biligiriranga Hills Wildlife Sanctuary
Jungle cat in the Sundarbans

Family Viverridae: civets and palm civets
Small Indian civet
Asian palm civet in Kerala

Family Prionodontidae: Asiatic linsangs

Family Ursidae: bears
Sloth bear

Family Ailuropodidae: pandas

Family Mustelidae: mustelids
Yellow-throated marten
Oriental small-clawed otter in the Western Ghats

Family Herpestidae: mongooses
Ruddy mongoose
  • Common mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818
  • Small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818
  • Striped-necked mongoose (Herpestes vitticollis) Bennett, 1835
  • Crab-eating mongoose (Herpestes urva) Hodgson, 1836
  • Indian brown mongoose (Herpestes fuscus) Gray, 1837
  • Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii) Gray, 1837

Family Hyaenidae: hyenas
Striped hyena in Gujarat

Order: Cetacea: whales, dolphins, and porpoises
Spinner dolphin in the Bay of Bengal

Family Delphinidae
Gangetic dolphin

Family Platanistidae: river dolphins

Family Balaenopteridae

Family Balaenidae

Family Ziphiidae

Family Phocoenidae

Family Kogiidae

Family Physeteridae

Order: Sirenia

Family Dugongidae
  • Dugong (Dugong dugon) (Muller, 1776)

Order: Proboscidea

Family Elephantidae: elephants

Order: Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates
Indian wild ass in Little Rann of Kutch

Family Equidae: horses

Family Rhinocerotidae: rhinoceroses

Order: Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates
Pygmy hog in Assam breeding centre
Indian boar in the Anaimalai Hills

Family Suidae: pigs
Indian spotted chevrotain in the Anaimalai Hills

Family Tragulidae: chevrotains

Family Moschidae
Chital male with two females, Kanha National Park

Family Cervidae: deer
Nilgiri tahr

Family Bovidae: bovids

Order: Pholidota: pangolins
Indian pangolin in Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve

Family Manidae: pangolins

Order: Rodentia
Indian palm squirrel in Bengaluru
Indian giant squirrel in Kerala

Family Sciuridae: squirrels

Family Pteromyidae: flying squirrels

Family Muridae: Old World rats, mice

Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines

Order: Lagomorpha: hares, rabbits, pikas
Indian hare at Bandipur National Park

Family Leporidae: hares and rabbits

Family Ochotonidae: pikas

See also

References
  1. Khajuria, H. (1977). "Extension of distributional ranges of some rare South Indian Bats". Cheetal. 19 (2&3): 16-20.
  2. Sinha, A.; Datta, A.; Madhusudan, M. D.; & Mishra, C. (2005). "The Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India". International Journal of Primatology. 26 (4): 977-989.
  3. Mootnick, A.; Groves, C. P. (2005). "A new generic name for the hoolock gibbon (Hylobatidae)". International Journal of Primatology. 26 (26): 971–976. doi:10.1007/s10764-005-5332-4.
  4. Namgail, T.; Bagchi, S.; Bhatnagar, Y. V.; Wangchuk, R. (2005). "Occurrence of the Tibetan Sand Fox Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson in Ladakh: A new record for the Indian subcontinent". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 102 (2): 217.
  5. Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q. & Nayak, A. K. (2019). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2018. Summary Report. TR No./2019/05 (PDF) (Report). New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India.
  6. Singh, H. S. & Gibson, L. (2011). "A conservation success story in the otherwise dire megafauna extinction crisis: The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) of Gir forest" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 144 (5): 1753–1757. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.009.
  7. Funk, Stephan M.; Verma, Sunil Kumar; Larson, Greger; Prasad, Kasturi; Singh, Lalji; Narayan, Goutam; Fa, John E. (2007). "The pygmy hog is a unique genus: 19th century taxonomists got it right first time round". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (2): 427–436. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.007. PMID 17905601.
  8. Groves, C. & Meijaard, E. (2005). "Intraspecific variation in Moschiola, the Indian Chevrotain". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 12: 413-421. Archived from the original 27 July 2008.
  9. Datta, A.; Pansa, J.; Madhusudan, M. D. & Mishra, C. (2003). "Discovery of the leaf deer Muntiacus putaoensis in Arunachal Pradesh: an addition to the large mammals of India". Current Science. 84: 454-458.
  10. Ropiquet A, Hassanin A (2005). "Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of the genus Hemitragus (Mammalia, Bovidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 36 (1): 154–168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.002. PMID 15904863.
  11. Mishra, C.; Datta, A. & Madhusudan, M. D. (2005). "Record of the Chinese Goral Naemorhedus caudatus in Arunachal Pradesh". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 102 (2).
  12. Choudhury, A.U. (2007). "A new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". The Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nature North East India. 7: 26–34, plates.
  13. Choudhury, A.U. (2009). "One more new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India". The Newsletter and Journal of the Rhino Foundation for Nature North East India. 8: 26–34, plates.

Other references
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