Itneg people

The Itneg (exonym "Tinguian" or "Tingguian") are an Austronesian ethnic group from the upland province of Abra in northwestern Luzon, in the Philippines. The native Itneg language is a South-Central Cordilleran dialect.

Tinguian men of Sallapadin.

Indigenous Itneg religion
Main article: List of Philippine mythological figures

Immortals
  • Bagatulayan: the supreme deity who directs the activities of the world, including the celestial realms[1] referred also as the Great Anito[2]
  • Gomayen: mother of Mabaca, Binongan, and Adasin[3]
  • Mabaca: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity[4]
  • Binongan: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity[5]
  • Adasin: one of the three founders of the Tinguian's three ancient clans; daughter of Gomayen and the supreme deity[6]
  • Emlang: servant of the supreme deity[7]
  • Kadaklan: deity who is second in rank; taught the people how to pray, harvest their crops, ward off evil spirits, and overcome bad omens and cure sicknesses[8]
  • Apadel (Kalagang): guardian deity and dweller of the spirit-stones called pinaing[9]
  • Init-init: the god of the sun married to the mortal Aponibolinayen; during the day, he leaves his house to shine light on the world[10]
  • Gaygayoma: the star goddess who lowered a basket from heaven to fetch the mortal Aponitolau, who she married[11]
  • Bagbagak: father of Gaygayoma[12]
  • Sinang: mother of Gaygayoma[13]
  • Takyayen: child of Gaygayoma and Aponitolaul popped out between Gaygayoma's last two fingers after she asked Aponitolau to prick there[14]
  • Makaboteng: the god and guardian of deer and wild hogs[15]

Immortals
  • Aponibolinayen: mortal spouse of the sun god, Init-init[16]
  • Aponitolau: mortal who was fetched by the star goddess Gaygayoma, despite him being already married[17]
  1. Gaioni, D. T. (1985). The Tingyans of Northern Philippines and Their Spirit World. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
  2. Peraren, A. A. (1966). Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. University of San Carlos.
  3. Peraren, A. A. (1966). Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. University of San Carlos.
  4. Peraren, A. A. (1966). Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. University of San Carlos.
  5. Peraren, A. A. (1966). Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. University of San Carlos.
  6. Peraren, A. A. (1966). Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. University of San Carlos.
  7. Peraren, A. A. (1966). Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. University of San Carlos.
  8. Millare, F. D. (1955). Philippine Studies Vol. 3, No. 4: The Tinguians and Their Old Form of Worship. Ateneo de Manila University.
  9. Apostol, V. M. (2010). Way of the Ancient Healer: Sacred Teachings from the Philippine Ancestral Traditions. North Atlantic Books.
  10. Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
  11. Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
  12. Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
  13. Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
  14. Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
  15. Demetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., & Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books.
  16. Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
  17. Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales . Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co.
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