George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon

Starting in May 2020, demonstrations over the police killing of George Floyd have been held in the city of Portland, Oregon, concurrent with protests in other cities around the United States and around the world. As of July 2020, many of the protests, which have been held every day since May 28, have drawn more than 1,000 participants.[1]

For related protests in Portland, Maine, see George Floyd protests in Maine § Portland.

George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon
Part of George Floyd protests
Protesters staging a die-in on Portland, Oregon's Burnside Bridge on June 2, 2020
Date	May 28, 2020–present (2 months, 2 weeks and 6 days)
Location	Portland, Oregon, United States
Status	Ongoing

Some of the protests in Portland have been peaceful,[2] but some have involved injury, vandalism,[3] arson,[4] looting,[5] and heated confrontations with police, sometimes involving injury to protesters and police, declaration of riot, and use of tear gas and other less-lethal weapons.

In early July, the federal government sent in law enforcement officers, including some not easily identified as such and some in unmarked vehicles, to Portland to "safeguard federal property", but engaged in tactics–such as seizing protesters not on or near federal property–that were criticized by Portland's mayor and most of the state's congressional delegation. Several lawsuits were filed, including suits by and on behalf of journalists and legal observers against local and federal law enforcement, and suits by the state against several federal agencies.

Background

Main articles: Killing of George Floyd, George Floyd protests, List of George Floyd protests in the United States, George Floyd protests in Oregon, and 2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States

Further information: Racism in Oregon, Black Lives Matter, Police brutality in the United States, and United States v. City of Portland

The protests were initially precipitated by the killing of George Floyd, a Black man, by police in Minneapolis.[1][6] The New York Times reported that demonstrators in Portland, including some who identify as Antifa, the loose coalition of self-described anti-fascist activists, have had years of conflict with law enforcement.[7] Other recent police killings of people of color, including Breonna Taylor, contributed to the national unrest driving the protests. People and groups engaging in the protests have since identified a number of Black people killed by local police, with local victims including Kendra James,[8] Aaron Campbell,[8] Quanice Hayes,[9] and Patrick Kimmons,[10] in addition to others around the country like Breonna Taylor[10] and Elijah McClain.[11]

Organizers

A number of different organizations have led demonstrations, including Rose City Justice[12] and the Albina Ministerial Alliance.[13] The Facebook and Twitter accounts associated with the Pacific Northwest Youth Liberation Front (or PNW Youth Liberation Front) have served as "information hubs" for sharing protest plans. The group does not have identifiable leaders and describes itself as a "decentralized network of autonomous youth collectives dedicated to direct action towards total liberation".[14] The groups' Facebook and Twitter accounts were created in February 2017, and have 6,100 and 28,700 followers, respectively, as of late July 2020. The group has used a black flag emoji, which often symbolizes anarchism.[14]

Demonstrations

May

Boarded windows in downtown Portland on May 31, 2020, following a series of demonstrations

Hundreds of demonstrators gathered on May 28, at one point blocking the entrance to the Multnomah County Justice Center.[15] There were two peaceful demonstrations held on May 29.[16] A "Eulogy for Black America" was organized by the Portland chapter of NAACP at Terry Schrunk Plaza in downtown Portland, and a vigil was organized by the PNW Youth Liberation Front at Peninsula Park, in the north Portland part of the Piedmont neighborhood.[17][18]

Crowd estimates for the demonstration at Terry Schrunk Plaza ranged from a "hundred or so" to "hundreds" of people; the event included several speakers including Portland City Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty.[15][19] She was reportedly "visibly overcome by emotion" and said, "This is the reality of being black in America. Over and over and over again, black people have been killed, and there has been silence from the majority community....Black people are tired. Black people are exhausted by racism."[15] The president of the NAACP chapter, Reverend E.D. Mondainé, also spoke.[19]

Boarded windows at a Rite Aid in the Pearl District on May 31, 2020

More than 1,000 people gathered at Peninsula Park,[20][21] where ministers and Black Panthers spoke against police brutality.[17] From the crowd, hundreds marched to downtown Portland via Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. and the Burnside Bridge.[22][23] Along the way, some people started breaking windows, tagging buildings with graffiti, looting, and setting vehicles and buildings on fire.[24] A riot ensued, prompting Mayor Ted Wheeler to declare a state of emergency.[25] A fire was started inside the Multnomah County Justice Center.[26][27] Pioneer Place and other storefronts saw looting.[23][28][29][30] The riot lasted for approximately 5 hours;[31] two officers were injured,[32] and 13 people were arrested.[33] The Portland Business Alliance estimated the riot cost local businesses "tens of millions" of dollars because of property damage, looting, and lost wages.[24]

On May 30, Rev. Mondainé posted a video online urging protesters to stay home and calling looting and violence counterproductive.[34] Demonstrators gathered in downtown Portland again; crowd estimates ranged from hundreds to a thousand.[35][36] One group attempted to break into the Lloyd Center; riot police broke up a group of approximately 200 people outside the shopping mall.[36] Police reported that a fire was set inside the Portland Law and Justice Center during the protests.[37] Police declared that they had arrested 16 people by 11 p.m.[38] At least 51 demonstrators were arrested during the night, bringing the total number of arrests to date to 64.[39]

External video
Portland Police take a knee with protesters on YouTube (The Oregonian)
Protest at Laurelhurst Park over the death of George Floyd on YouTube (The Oregonian)
Protesters march through Southeast Portland on YouTube (The Oregonian)

On the afternoon of May 31, a crowd assembled at the intersection of Southwest 3rd Avenue and Main Street in downtown. At one point, in a show of solidarity with Black Lives Matter, some police officers took a knee alongside protesters.[40] By nightfall there were approximately 6,000 peaceful demonstrators.[41] Shortly after the curfew took effect at 8 p.m., police dispersed the crowd outside the Multnomah County Justice Center using tear gas. Separately, an estimated 7,000 to 10,000 people[6] gathered at Laurelhurst Park in southeast Portland, and others assembled outside a former police precinct at the intersection of East Burnside Street and 47th Avenue.[42] Police did not intervene as the group marched from the Multnomah County Justice Center to Pioneer Courthouse Square and back. The Pearl District Neighborhood Association was "advised of potential protest activity" in the Pearl District and the Northwest District.[43] Around 11:30 p.m., saying projectiles were thrown at officers, police declared "a civil disturbance and unlawful assembly" and ordered protesters to leave.[44]

June

Protesters on the Burnside Bridge on June 1, 2020

On June 1, three demonstrations were organized in Portland.[45] One was held at the intersection of Northeast Sandy and 57th.[46] Others were planned in downtown and at the intersection of Southeast Stark Street and 13th Avenue.[45] More than 1,000 protesters staged a die-in on the Burnside Bridge, then continued to downtown's Pioneer Courthouse Square. Following two hours of speeches, chants, and music, demonstrators returned to the city's east side via the same bridge. Portland Police allowed use of the bridge, and the evening's events remained mostly peaceful.[47][48] A drone photograph of the die-in by photographer Andrew Wallner earned more than a million reactions on social media posts.[49]

On the fifth day of protests, hundreds gathered at Pioneer Courthouse Square then staged another die-in on the Burnside Bridge. A second demonstration was organized at Revolution Hall. By the evening, thousands had gathered at Pioneer Courthouse Square. One group returned to the Burnside Bridge, while hundreds remained in the square. Around 8 p.m., the two groups merged and numbered approximately 10,000.[50][51] The demonstrations were mostly peaceful until later in the evening; most protesters marched across the Burnside Bridge,[52] but police used stun grenades and tear gas on a smaller, separate group of people who were throwing projectiles.[53] Police arrested several people, and 16 were detained.[50] Elsewhere in the metropolitan area, there were demonstrations in Cedar Mill and at Tualatin's Lake at the Commons.[48][54][55]

The first few days of June were identified, as of July 8, as having the largest crowds of the Portland George Floyd protests, exceeding 10,000 people.[56][57] Portland Police Bureau (PPB) declared a riot at one of the protests in early June. Arson, looting, and vandalism, and injuries to two officers were reported since the demonstrations began on May 28. Approximately 100 people had been arrested As of June 2, 2020.[58] In early June, local businesses reported losses totaling millions of dollars as the result of vandalism and looting, according to Oregon Public Broadcasting.[59] In response, local business owners of color launched the Portland Cleanup Project.[60]

Protesters at Tom McCall Waterfront Park on June 3, 2020

Several thousand people demonstrated on June 3, gathering at Tom McCall Waterfront Park, where Rev. Mondainé and others spoke. Later, groups splintered, with many gathering outside the Multnomah County Justice Center once again. There were other small protests throughout the city, including one in north Portland's Columbia Park and another at Pioneer Courthouse Square.[51] The Oregonian reported an overall crowd size of approximately 8,000.[61]

Thousands demonstrated on June 4. The protests were peaceful until late at night, and twelve arrests were made. Damian Lillard helped lead thousands across the Morrison Bridge into downtown, where protests gathered at Waterfront Park.[61]

There were multiple demonstrations planned on June 5. Don't Shoot Portland organized the "George Floyd Memorial and Benefit Show" at Laurelwood Park. In the Woodstock neighborhood, the family-friendly "Black Lives Matter March & Rally" saw up to 2,000 people march from the All Saints Episcopal along Southeast Woodstock to 52nd, and no incidents requiring police intervention.[62] Demonstrators also gathered at Revolution Hall for the "No Justice No Peace Rally & March".[63] Portland Trail Blazers players Rodney Hood, Nassir Little, and Anfernee Simons all joined.[64] In the evening, protesters pushed down fencing in front of the Multnomah County Justice Center and police used gas and stun grenades for crowd dispersal.[65]

On June 7 in Portland, outside the city's Justice Center, 48 people were jailed in protest.[66] The protest and march originated at Pioneer Courthouse Square.[66] Demonstrators gathered at Southeast Stark Street and 12th Avenue on June 9. There were approximately 500 people outside the Multnomah County Justice Center by 9 p.m.[67]

Daytime protester in front of the Multnomah County Justice Center on June 10, 2020

On June 10, an afternoon rally to disband the Portland Police was held in Terry Schrunk Plaza. In the evening a ride leaving Irving Park was organized by Portland's chapter of Black Girls Do Bike.[68][69] Several thousand people marched from Southeast Stark Street and 12th Avenue to Unthank Park.[70] Protesters failed to create an autonomous zone similar to Seattle's Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone.[71] Approximately 1,000 people demonstrated on June 11 after an already-planned city budget meeting led to historic levels of public comment, with one city commissioner, Chloe Eudaly, voting "no," stating that the proposed cuts to the police bureau fell short of what demonstrators were calling for. A unanimous vote was required to pass the budget.[72][73] "While my colleague can take a principled 'no' stance on passing this budget, I as a Black woman cannot," Commissioner Hardesty responded in a statement. "I do not want to let this detract from the very real steps taken, but it is an important reminder on what performative allyship looks like."[74]

ACLU legal observers attended the march to Cleveland High School on June 13, 2020

For the 17th day, protesters assembled in various parts of the Portland area on June 13. The main march, with at least 1,000 people, went from Revolution Hall, the starting point for most of the marches, and went to Cleveland High School, including a stretch of Southeast Division St. from 11th to 26th. The Clinton Street Theater displayed a quote from Malcolm X on its marquee as protesters marched past.[75] N1789M, a Cessna 208 Caravan surveillance plane linked with the U.S. Marshals Service circled overhead for 3 hours.[76]

On June 14, a statue of Thomas Jefferson was toppled from its pedestal.[77] Vandalism of the bronze statue of York prompted the University of Portland to remove the figure from the Captain William Clark Monument on June 17.[78]

About 1,000 demonstrators marched to Jefferson High School on June 14, the 18th day of protests.[77]

A statue of the first U.S. president, George Washington, on Northeast Sandy Boulevard and 57th Avenue was toppled by demonstrators on June 18.[79]

At a second city budget vote on the issue, commissioners voted 3–1 to cut PPB funding by $15 million. This would terminate the Gun Violence Reduction Team and cut funding for school resource officers and transit police, while reallocating nearly $5 million to Portland Street Response, which would respond to calls concerning homeless people instead of police. Commissioner Chloe Eudaly again voted "no".[80]

The group Care Not Cops, who wanted more money cut from PPB funding, later that day demonstrated outside of Wheeler's apartment in Northwest Portland. By midnight, they had been joined by hundreds of people, who began blocking off the streets at Northwest Glisan and 10th Avenue with impromptu. Just after 5:30 a.m. police cleared the scene; a police spokesman said there were only about 50 protesters left by that time. Wheeler helped in cleaning up the debris.[81]

Demonstrators at Reed College on June 23, 2020

June 23 was the sentencing date for Jeremy Christian, who was convicted of murder and attempted murder for an attack in 2017. Three men, all of them white, attempted to stop Christian's attack on two black girls; Christian killed two of them and injured the third. In commemoration of that event, hundreds gathered at Powell Park on SE 26th and Powell for a demonstration and march focusing on white allies. They marched to Reed College, which one of the men killed had attended.[82][83][84]

County officials removed a fence that had stood around the Justice Center for several weeks on June 26.[85]

July

Protests, some turning violent, continued nightly through July.[86][87] During the first week of July, the Portland federal courthouse had become a frequent target of vandalism.[88] Officers from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) were deployed following President Trump's executive order that sought to protect statues.[89] Willamette Week reported that several federal law enforcement agencies were deployed to Portland on July 2, including the U.S. Marshals Service, the Federal Protective Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and Homeland Security Investigations.[90] DHS sent officers in tactical gear from "more than a half-dozen" federal agencies and departments from around the country.[91] Portland Deputy Police Chief Chris Davis said his department had not requested federal assistance and that federal officers' presence would "complicate things" for the PPB.[91]

Demonstrators in Maywood Park on July 4, 2020

On July 1–2, protesters set fire to the Elk sculpture and fountain in the Plaza Blocks that resulted in structural damage to the granite base; deemed a safety hazard by the Regional Arts & Culture Council, the city removed the unharmed elk on July 2, and later, the fountain.[92][93][94] The Promised Land, also installed in the Plaza Blocks, was damaged as well.[95]

Multiple demonstrations took place in the city on July 4 including an "Anti-Independence Day" rally that began at Portland State University's Native American Student & Community Center, expressing indigenous support for Black Americans, followed by the "Bars Up Guns Down" motorcycle ride from Revolution Hall to the Justice Center and back in support of Black Lives Matter.[13] That night, several hundred people gathered at Chapman Square and let off illegal aerial fireworks, some of which were aimed directly at the Justice Center, actions that were condemned by the PPB and the Multnomah County Sheriff's Office.[13] Police twice declared a riot on the national holiday, first at 4 am and again after 11 pm.[96] Protests continued on July 5 for the 39th consecutive day.[96] Seven people faced federal charges for their activities at the Justice Center demonstrations over the July 4 weekend.[97]

External video
Protester shot in head. From lawyer T. Greg Doucette, whose video collection was profiled in the LA Times.[98]

On July 9 about 50 people marched in Lents Park and about 100 gathered downtown by the Justice Center.[99] In the same neighborhood, a young Black woman, 18-year-old Shai-India Harris, was fatally shot, and the police did not immediately identify any suspects.[100] A man from Texas was arrested for striking a Portland police officer three times with a hammer on July 10.[101] On July 11, protester Donavan La Bella was shot in the head with a "less lethal" round by federal police, suffering facial and skull fractures and having to undergo facial reconstruction surgery.[102] On July 14, a group marched from Kenton Park to the Portland Police Association building on Lombard street, where the crowd grew to more than 200 people. After demonstrators faced off with police officers, the police declared a riot.[103]

Graffiti outside Edith Green – Wendell Wyatt Federal Building, July 19, 2020

During the protests, tactical officers from the U.S. Marshals Special Operations Group and U.S. Customs and Border Protection's elite BORTAC unit were sent to Portland to protect federal property.[104] Starting on or about July 14, however, federal agents in unmarked vehicles began arresting protesters who were not near federal property.[105] Rose City Justice led a march of 200–250 people from Revolution Hall to Pioneer Courthouse Square on July 14, after having previously suspended its activities.[12] On July 14, Wheeler called on Acting DHS Secretary Chad Wolf to remove federal agents from the city, accusing them of causing violence and using "life-threatening tactics" and saying "we do not need or want their help".[89][106] The following day, four of Oregon's U.S. lawmakers issued a statement condemning the recent actions of federal law enforcement officials in Portland, who used tear gas and other aggressive techniques multiple times since July 10.[107] U.S. Senators Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley and U.S. Representatives Suzanne Bonamici and Earl Blumenauer accused the federal government of a "politically driven" response and of seeking "to target, attack, or silence those peacefully exercising their First Amendment rights".[107] As of 15 July 2020, federal officers had arrested at least 19 people.[101] Portland police closed the Plaza Blocks, a hub for protesters at the Justice Center, at 5:00 a.m. on July 16.[108]

Starting the early morning of July 15, "rapid deployment teams" of federal agents from multiple agencies arrested protesters and forcefully took them in unmarked vans.[109][110] Protesters accused the officers of being unidentified, but Customs and Border Protection later countered accusations by stating that officers were wearing CBP insignias. A story focusing on the search, detention, questioning, and brief incarceration of Mark Pettibone, a 29 year old protester, was first reported by Oregon Public Broadcasting[111][105] and picked up the next day by national outlets, including a New York Times story authored by independent Portland journalist Sergio Olmos.[109][110] Several witnesses reported seeing federal law enforcement officers in camouflage "emerge from unmarked vehicles, grab protesters without explanation, and drive off."[112] Pettibone stated that he was "basically tossed" into an unmarked van and transported to a holding cell in the federal courthouse and later released without being charged.[110][112] Similar incidents involving plainclothes officers of unknown agencies, occurred the following day.[110] The failure of officers to identify what agency they report to is a tactic that drew comparisons to actions in preparation for the Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church in Washington, D.C. several weeks prior.[113] The actions by federal agents have been condemned by the mayor, governor, members of Congress, and independent commentators.[109] These arrests were reported as having rejuvenated the protests in Portland, prompting crowds in the hundreds for the first time in several weeks, and drawing criticism from Wheeler, who is also the police commissioner and has been widely considered to condone use of force by local police.[114]

On July 18, according to police, protesters gathered at the PPB's North Precinct, taunting officers and vandalizing patrol vehicles; police also reported that protesters broke into the Portland Police Association building and set it on fire. A police statement stated that officers extinguished the fire and declared a riot, making seven arrests and deploying tear gas but not CS gas. Protesters made barricades out of fencing they removed from around the federal courthouse.[104] Conflict resumed on the night of July 19. Hundreds of protesters, including what Portland police described as "dozens of people with shields, helmets, gas masks, umbrellas, bats, and hockey sticks," repeatedly advanced on the U.S. courthouse. At about 1:30 a.m. the following morning, protesters set a fire in the portico, adding wood and debris to make it larger. Federal agents emerged from inside and deployed tear gas to repel the protesters. Portland police officers were not involved in crowd control measures and, they stressed, did not fire tear gas.[115]

External video
Assault on Chris David July 18, 2020

External video
Protester taken to unmarked van; video clip shared by international media outlets such as Newsweek and BBC.[116]

At night on July 18, Navy veteran Chris David, wearing his Naval Academy gear, approached some of the federal agents to tell them "That oath of office is essentially swearing loyalty to the Constitution of the United States, and what they're doing is not constitutional anymore."[117][118] As seen on video, David was standing still when one agent hit him forcefully five times with a baton; another agent sprayed David's face with what David said was pepper spray. As a result of the incident, David's hand was broken in two places.[119][120][121] He required reconstructive surgery with pins and plates on his shattered ring finger and a bone in his hand was also broken.[121] The officers were later identified as U.S. Marshals, and the Department of Justice inspector general was said to be investigating.[122] On that night for the first time Portland mothers formed a human shield – a "Wall of Moms" – to protect protesters from federal agents outside the federal courthouse. Federal agents in military-style gear fired tear gas canisters into the group of mothers.[123][124][125]

Around 1:45 a.m., when another group of unidentified armed federal agents advanced on a group of protesters, a woman wearing only a face mask and a stocking cap, later dubbed "Naked Athena" by reporters, confronted them. Despite the deployment of pepper balls and tear gas, she posed for the agents for about 15 minutes before they withdrew. Photographs of her action went viral.[126][127]

On July 20, during the ninth week of daily protests, the "Wall of Moms" sang "Hands Up Please Don't Shoot Me" in a lullaby fashion while in Chapman Square. A "Wall of Dads" joined in and used leaf blowers to clear away tear gas[128][129] and a "Wall of Vets" also joined in the demonstration for the first time.[130] President Trump denounced the Wall of Moms as a "scam", tweeting: "The 'protesters' are actually anarchists who hate our Country. The line of innocent "mothers" were a scam that Lamestream refuses to acknowledge, just like they don't report the violence of these demonstrations!"[131][132][133][134]

Fires and tear gas at the Mark O. Hatfield federal courthouse perimeter fence on July 22, 2020 (top); Protesters surround the federal courthouse's perimeter fence on July 22, 2020 (middle); A bonfire in front of the courthouse on July 24, 2020 (bottom)

On July 22, mayor Wheeler attempted to address a crowd of protesters but was faced with boos and calls to resign.[135] A riot was declared later in the night after police reported multiple flares and other incendiaries were thrown over the fence surrounding the federal courthouse, resulting in fires.[136] Wheeler was teargassed along with protesters when federal agents deployed the munition into the crowd.[137] Some protesters, noting the city's use of tear gas in response to protests earlier in summer 2020, reportedly "mocked" the mayor following his exposure.[138]

On July 24, federal prosecutors unveiled charges against 18 protesters, five of whom were charged with suspicion of assaulting a federal officer, trespassing and creating a disturbance during protests on the night of July 20–21, eight were charged in connection with criminal conduct during the July 21–22 night protest–including one person charged with arson–and six were charged over events from the night of July 22–23, according to U.S. Attorney for the District of Oregon Billy Williams. According to the Justice Department, all had made an initial appearance in federal court and were released pending trial or other proceedings.[139]

The same day, thousands of protesters began gathering in front of the federal courthouse's perimeter fence in the evening, with the crowd peaking at around 4,000 according to authorities. Many protesters danced and chanted "Black Lives Matter" and "Feds go home" to the sound of drums. At 10:15 p.m., a man tried to climb the fence and was quickly arrested. As the night went on, protesters shook the fence surrounding the courthouse and individuals in the crowd pointed green lasers at federal agents and threw flares, fireworks, glass bottles, and other solid objects at the building, prompting federal agents to respond with pepper balls, tear gas, and flash bangs on more than one occasion. According to DHS and Associated Press, power tools such as an angle grinder were also used to damage property, particularly the fence. Inside the courthouse, agents had most lights turned off reportedly to protect from people in the crowd who were firing metal ball bearings through the windows with sling shots. That same night, U.S. District Judge Michael Mosman denied a restraining order by the state attorney general to restrict the actions of federal police.[140][141]

At around 2:30 a.m. on the morning of July 25, the Federal Protective Service declared the protest an unlawful assembly and began dispersing the crowd down Third Street with tear gas, pepper balls, and mass force. People scattered and small groups roamed the downtown as tear gas choked the air.[140][141] According to authorities, six federal officers were injured during the overnight protest, with one suffering a concussion and another taken to the hospital for burns. One person was arrested for failing to comply with orders but was later released with no charges, bringing the total number of people arrested on or near the courthouse since early July to 60.[140] In several cases, people who'd been arrested had their release from jail conditioned on signing a document stating a variant of "Defendant may not attend any other protests, rallies, assemblies or public gathering in the state of Oregon" while the person's case is pending; more than one constitutional lawyer has stated that conditioning release on such agreement is a violation of the freedom of assembly clause of the First Amendment.[142]

On July 25, a man was stabbed in downtown Portland. The suspect was taken into custody on the same day.[143] According to The Oregonian, the victim was a vocal Black supporter of Trump who was videographing the protests and had been trailed by a group of people.[144]

On July 28 someone threw an incendiary device into the portico of the federal courthouse; it caused a fire near the entrance, according to federal prosecutors. On July 31 an 18-year-old protester was arrested and charged with throwing the device.[145]

Under a deal worked out between Governor Kate Brown and the Trump administration, federal agents withdrew to standby locations on July 30, while state and local law enforcement forces took over responsibility for protecting the courthouse; they made no arrests and mostly stayed out of sight. Protests that night, and the subsequent night, were largely peaceful. A DHS spokesperson said federal officers would remain in the area at least until August 3.[146]

August

Despite a brief reprieve following the pullback of federal agents in late July-early August, tensions between protesters and police–including Portland police, local sheriff's deputies, and Oregon State Police troopers–continued to manifest, though demonstrations were noticeably smaller.

On August 5, violent clashes occurred in a residential neighborhood. Tear gas was used. Captain Tony Passadore, the incident commander, sought to distance the violent rally from the greater George Floyd protests, saying "I don't want people to get confused to think that this was something related to Black Lives Matter ... I've been the incident commander for 24 nights of the 70-plus events, and I've seen amazing protesting going on in the city of Portland where people gather together."[147][148]

On August 6, Mayor Ted Wheeler denounced demonstrators clashing with police, saying "you are not demonstrating, you are attempting to commit murder," along with predicting there would be "more attacks on public buildings". That night, police deployed smoke grenades and used mass force to disperse a crowd of about 200 protesters near the precinct station after declaring an unlawful assembly. The Pacific Northwest Youth Liberation Front advertised the rallies on August 5 and 6 with the slogan "No cops. No prisons. Total abolition." Media images showed an elderly woman with a fire extinguisher trying to prevent protesters from starting a fire at the station, but was blocked by a black-clad protester. Officers arrested 12 adults and detained one minor. Police reportedly did not use tear gas this night.[147][148]

Roads near the precinct were closed later in the morning of August 7. Portland police tweeted "Any persons including members of the press who violate this order will be subject to arrest". Mayor Wheeler deplored violent protesters as political "props" for president Donald Trump's 2020 re-election campaign, saying that by partaking in violence, they were reinforcing Trump's messaging that "sick and dangerous anarchists" were fomenting chaos in Portland.[149][148]

On August 8, peaceful demonstrations were held in Northeast and Southeast Portland, including a rally in Peninsula Park and a march organized at Laurelhurst Park. Hundreds of people gathered at Waterfront Park to hear activist and worship pastor Sean Feucht speak at the "Riots to Revival" event, where he sought to "flip the script" on recent unrest.[150]

Around 10:00 p.m., Moms United for Black Lives Matter, the renamed "Wall of Moms", led hundreds of marchers northwest from Peninsula Park to the Portland Police Association (PPA) police union headquarters on North Lombard Street. The nighttime protest become increasingly rowdy as protesters barricaded the street with chain link fences and, according to police, "pushed dumpsters into the street to block traffic, set a dumpster on fire, vandalized the PPA office with spray paint, and destroyed security cameras". At 11:35 p.m., a small group broke into the offices and lit a fire. Police declared an unlawful assembly at 11:38 p.m. before declaring a riot minutes later, in which protesters, media and legal observers were ordered to disperse. According to police, the crowd began shining green lasers and throwing bottles and paint balloons, injuring three officers, before police bypassed the barricade and began making arrests and pushing the crowd of about 300 people back, including using smoke munitions and flash bangs, but no tear gas. "Officers moved the crowd so the fire could be extinguished before it could grow out of control," said Portland police. At 1:19 a.m., Portland Police declared a riot at Kenton Park, declared the park closed, and urged the crowd to leave. The majority of the crowd left by 2:00 a.m., though police said arrests were made.[150][151]

Feds Go Home Sign in August 2020

Responses

Government

Barricades outside the Multnomah County Justice Center, June 3, 2020

Portland mayor Ted Wheeler tweeted, "Burning buildings with people inside, stealing from small and large businesses, threatening and harassing reporters. All in the middle of a pandemic where people have already lost everything. This isn't calling for meaningful change in our communities, this is disgusting."[152] Sara Boone, chief of Portland Fire & Rescue, attributed the protests and violence to Floyd's death and "a system that allows people of color to 'feel fear every day.'"[153] The city implemented a curfew from 8pm on May 30 to 6am on May 31.[154][155] On May 31, Wheeler extended the curfew for another night (8pm to 6am).[39][156] He said the demonstration has been "co-opted by rioters and looters", and Jami Resch, chief of the Portland Police Bureau, called the rioters a "group of selfish individuals".[44]

On May 30, TriMet paused bus and MAX Light Rail service to and from downtown and the Rose Quarter after the demonstrations started.[157] The following day, the agency stopped bus, MAX, and Portland Streetcar[158] service starting at 3:30 p.m., and said in a statement: "Our hearts at TriMet are heavy following the violence that damaged our city overnight, along with the emotions that are so raw here and across the nation. While TriMet appreciates the First Amendment right to protest, we hope that it is done without violence or vandalism."[157] The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) blocked the interchanges into the city along I-5, I-84, I-405, and U.S. Route 26.[43][159] Willamette Week's Matthew Singer said ODOT's move was "without precedent in recent memory".[158] Motorized scooter services (including Lime and Spin) were temporarily suspended in select parts of Northwest and Southwest Portland, the Central Eastside, and the Lloyd District.[158]

On June 1, Gov. Kate Brown activated 50 National Guard and 100 state police troopers. Wheeler extended the same curfew for a third night.[41][45] Billy J. Williams, United States Attorney for the District of Oregon, said at a press conference: "What I saw at the Justice Center ... was sickening. This has to stop and in order for that to happen in the city of Portland, we need help. We need bodies, we need more numbers to do something to stop this ridiculous violence. This just cannot keep up."[160] The city's curfew was lifted on June 2.[48][161] Elected officeholders (including Wheeler, Williams, Multnomah County District Attorney Rod Underhill, and Multnomah County Sheriff Mike Reese), law enforcement officials, and black demonstrators and community leaders met for the first time.[162][163] The Hawthorne Bridge's west-bound lanes were closed for security purposes on the evening of June 2.[50] Resch said:

I want to recognize the thousands of demonstrators who came downtown in a peaceful manner and exercised their First Amendment rights. There are many thousands of you who are not involved in the violence and destruction and I thank you. I still hear your message and I know the others who are engaging in criminal acts do not represent you.[53]

The Oregon Convention Center's (OCC) spires were illuminated yellow as a "beacon of hope for our suffering and silenced communities of color". Metro, which operates the venue, said, "Our venues are located in areas with deep legacies of racial injustices and we support peaceful demonstrations to stand together to dismantle systemic racism and hatred." Additionally, the OCC's executive director said the venue "is an economic driver for our state and the spires have become as much of a staple in the skyline as the White Stag on Burnside. We will continue to shine bright in community solidarity, providing a beacon of hope for Oregonians."[164]

Mayor Ted Wheeler, with "THEODORE RESIGN" projected behind him, addressed a crowd of protestors on July 22, 2020

On June 5, Wheeler pledged to "limit the ways police respond" by restricting use of sonic weapons and tear gas "if police had a viable alternative".[65][165] He tweeted: "Effective immediately, I have directed @Portlandpolice to use LRAD only to share information and not as a sonic warning tone function."[166][167]

On June 17, City Council reduced the police bureau's budget by about $16 million, or six percent.[168]

Federal

See also: 2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States

According to the Washington Post, anonymous White House officials have stated that Trump became interested in federal operations against the protesters in Portland, "seeing them as a means of underscoring his law-and-order message"; one is reported to have said that "the White House had long wanted to amplify strife in cities," and “It was about getting viral online content.”[169][170][171] At the start of July, forces from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the U.S. Marshal Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and the Federal Protection Service arrived in Portland, appearing at the U.S. courthouse, where they fired pepper spray or tear gas at protesters who got too close to the building.[172] DHS refers to its deployment in Portland as Operation Diligent Valor.[90][173]

The first federal arrest was recorded on July 2,[90][101] and on July 10, protester Donavan La Bella suffered facial and skull fractures after being shot in the head by federal non-lethal rounds.[102]

On July 13, President Trump praised federal authorities for their response to the Portland protests, saying they had done "a great job". Speaking at the White House, Trump said, "Portland was totally out of control, and they went in, and I guess we have many people right now in jail and we very much quelled it, and if it starts again, we'll quell it again very easily. It's not hard to do, if you know what you're doing."[174] On July 16, Acting DHS Secretary Chad Wolf met with federal law enforcement officials in Portland[175] after issuing a press release condemning "rampant, long-lasting violence" in Portland, including a timeline[176] alleging violence by anarchists on Portland streets. Wolf said, "This siege can end if state and local officials decide to take appropriate action instead of refusing to enforce the law. DHS will not abdicate its solemn duty to protect federal facilities and those within them."[177] On July 19, Trump tweeted:

We are trying to help Portland, not hurt it. Their leadership has, for months, lost control of the anarchists and agitators. They are missing in action. We must protect Federal property, AND OUR PEOPLE. These were not merely protesters, these are the real deal![104]

Both the mayor of Portland[178] and the governor of Oregon called for federal officers to leave the city, with the governor describing the federal action as being "like adding gasoline to a fire".[179] At a July 21 press conference, however, Acting DHS Secretary Wolf said federal law enforcement officers "will not retreat" in protecting government buildings in Portland. Federal officers arrested 43 people in Portland between July 4 and 21.[180] On July 23, Michael Horowitz, the Department of Justice Inspector General, announced that he and the Inspector General's office at the Department of Homeland Security would be investigating the federal law enforcement responses in Portland, "examining the training and instruction that was provided to the DOJ law enforcement personnel; compliance with applicable identification requirements, rules of engagement, and legal authorities; and adherence to DOJ policies regarding the use of less-lethal munitions, chemical agents, and other uses of force."[181][182]

Governor Kate Brown announced on July 29 that she had reached an agreement with Vice President Mike Pence for a phased withdrawal of federal officers from Portland. In return, the Oregon State Police would improve security around federal buildings.[183] The agreement went in force on July 30, with state and local police guarding the buildings, and protests that night were peaceful.[146]

Police

On June 6, PPB chief of police Resch, announced that she had appointed Chuck Lovell as "the exact right person at the exact right moment" to serve as the new city police chief; Resch stated that she would remain on the force but in another role.[184][185] Lovell, who became the bureau's fourth Black police chief, expressed hope that police and the community could join together to build trust and change the institutional disregard for human life that led to Floyd's death.[184]

A month later, on July 8, the executive board of the Portland Police Association expressed "no confidence" in City Council, and expressed frustration with its perceived lack of support for the police bureau.[186] The following day, the PPB deputy police chief, Chris Davis, commented on the challenges of coordinating with federal officers, and the distinction between what he termed "legitimate protest" vs. "criminal activity."[56]

After federal agencies began tactical operations in early July, Wheeler and others prominently objected to their presence, and assured the public that local police would not coordinate with the federal agents; however, this was contradicted by reporting from The Oregonian and elsewhere, which demonstrated various forms of coordination.[187] Portland fire commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty barred local and federal police from using fire bureau property to stage tactical operations.[188]

Community

Graffiti on Odd Fellows Building in opposition to Mayor Ted Wheeler

Rev. Mondainé of Portland's NAACP chapter spoke against looting and vandalism.[189] Some restaurant owners expressed support for the protesters via social media and by contributing to organizations working to assist people of color and combat police brutality, among other causes. Le Pigeon sustained damage during the demonstrations; owner Gabriel Rucker said, "To the person that smashed my window last night I hear you and I hope you find a voice that screams louder than broken glass. To the person who broke my window last night I love you and if you were hungry I would cook you a meal."[190]

The Portland Committee on Community-Engaged Policing organized a Zoom conference. More than 320 people participated, and committee members passed a resolution asking elected and law officials to "stand against white supremacy and police violence". Furthermore, the resolution says, "We must do more than make symbolic statements against racism. We must change the outcomes of policing, reducing incidents of violence, and the targeting of communities of color and other marginalized groups."[191] On June 1, the organization SOLVE organized a volunteer cleanup effort in downtown in collaboration with local businesses.[192] Hundreds of volunteers filled approximately 150 trash bags, while social distancing because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[193]

In late June, Rose City Justice, the organization that had organized the largest marches, ceased sponsoring marches in response to questions and concerns from other entities in the Black Lives Matter movement. Some expressed dissatisfaction with large demonstrations that did not directly engage in direct action and civil disobedience to effect change; others questioned whether the donations the group had received, which exceeded $24,000, were being put to appropriate use.[1]

Lawsuits

As of June 18, 2020, at least nine lawsuits had been filed by protesters and the non-profit Don't Shoot Portland against the City of Portland, asserting that the protesters had been injured or sent running in fear for their lives by indiscriminate and excessive police use of rubber bullets, explosive devices such as flash-bangs, and/or tear gas.[194][195] The suits sought financial damages, and most also sought a ban on those means of crowd dispersal.[195] On June 9, in response to the earliest suits, U.S. District Judge Marco A. Hernandez granted a 14 day temporary restraining order significantly restricting police use of tear gas.[196]

The Oregon chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the City of Portland, the Portland Police Bureau, and other law enforcement entities on June 28, claiming that police targeted and attacked journalists and legal observers[197] On July 17, the ACLU added the Department of Homeland Security and the United States Marshals Service as defendants to that lawsuit,[198] and on July 23, federal judge Michael Simon granted a 14-day temporary restraining order blocking federal law enforcement from arresting or using force against journalists or legal observers without probable cause, barring the arrest of journalists or legal observers for failure to disperse, and barring seizure of journalists' press passes or equipment unless they were being lawfully arrested.[199][200][201][202] The ACLU later filed an additional lawsuit on behalf of medics.[203]

Local journalists Cory Elia and Lesley McLam sued the City of Portland and law enforcement agencies after having been arrested on June 30. The lawsuit sought a restraining order that would bar law enforcement officers from violating journalists' rights, as well as seeking damages for injuries,[204] and it resulted in a restraining order.[205]

The Oregon Attorney General, Ellen Rosenblum, filed a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, the United States Marshals Service, Customs and Border Protection, and the Federal Protective Service, accusing the agencies of violating First, Fourth and Fifth amendment rights of Oregon residents by seizing and detaining protesters without probable cause, and asking for a temporary restraining order against such acts.[206][112][207] On July 24, U.S. District Judge Michael Mosman ruled that the state lacked standing to file the suit and denied the state's request for a temporary restraining order.[208]

On July 27, Protect Democracy and Perkins Coie filed a federal lawsuit on behalf of Wall of Moms, Don't Shoot Portland, and several protesters against the Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Federal Protective Service, the Department of Justice, and the heads of these federal agencies.[209][210] The suit accuses the defendants of violating the plaintiffs' First Amendment rights and using excessive force, and it also claims that several of the "acting" officials haven't been confirmed for their roles and are overstepping their legal authority.[210] The suit seeks to limit federal law enforcement to protecting federal property and to bar them from using specific actions, such as excessive crowd-control measures and custodial detentions without probable cause.[210]

More than one of the federal lawsuit lists John Does among the defendants, as the identities and agency affiliations of the officers accused of wrongdoing was not known.[200][207]

Impacts on policy, government, society

Several political and policy developments have been influenced by the demonstrations.

• Portland Public Schools and the other two school districts in Portland ended a program in which 12 Portland Police "school resource officers" patrolled the halls of nine high schools.[211]
• Portland City Council reduced the police bureau's funding by $15 million in June 2020, reallocating some of that amount to the Portland Street Response team.[80]
• The Oregon Legislative Assembly passed six criminal justice reform laws in June 2020 during a special session.[212]
• In July 2020, City Council referred a measure to the November 2020 ballot that would overhaul police oversight. The measure was championed by Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty, but has drawn criticism by City Auditor Mary Hull Caballero.[213]
• Mike Schmidt was elected District Attorney of Multnomah County in May 2020. His term was not set to commence until January 2021, and outgoing DA Rod Underhill initially intended to serve out his full term.[214] Underhill later decided to retire early, after urging the Governor to appoint Schmidt to succeed him.[215] Upon assuming office in August 2020, Schmidt announced new policies which would limit prosecution of non-violent protesters.[216][217][218] Schmidt's election has been characterized as marking a turning point from the legacy of longtime DA Mike Schrunk, and reflecting a nationwide trend of electing progressive DAs.[219]
• In August 2020 Portland State University disarmed its campus police force, following two years of advocacy from its student body and in response to incidents of police brutality.[220]

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Further reading

• Flaccus, Gillian. Chaotic protests prompt soul-searching in Portland, Oregon. AP. July 14, 2020
• Tiefenthäler, Ainara. Videos Show How Federal Officers Escalated Violence in Portland July 24, 2020

External links

• Aftermath of protests in Portland over death of George Floyd on YouTube (May 30, 2020)
• In pictures: 'Wall of Moms' joins Portland's anti-racism protests, BBC, July 22, 2020