Catholic Church in Albania

The Catholic Church in Albania is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

Catholic Church of Thethi

St Anthony Church at Rodon Cape along the Albanian Adriatic coast

Traditional catholic woman in Northern Albania

According to some sources around 16-17% of the population of Albania were Catholic,[1][2] but in the 2011 census the percentage of Catholics was 10.03%.[3] Catholicism is strongest in the northwestern part of the country, which historically had the most readily available contact with, and support from, Rome and the Republic of Venice. Shkodër is the center of Catholicism in Albania. More than 20,000 Albanian Catholics are located in Montenegro, mostly in Ulcinj, Bar, Podgorica, Tuzi, Gusinje and Plav. The region is considered part of the Malsia Highlander region of the seven Albanian Catholic tribes. The region was split from Ottoman Albania after the First Balkan War. There are also scattered Albanian Catholics in Kosovo and Macedonia, with the greatest concentration being in the vicinity of Gjakova.

There are five dioceses in the country, including two archdioceses plus an Apostolic Administration covering southern Albania.

History

For four centuries, the Albanian Catholics have defended their faith with the aid of:

• The Franciscan missionaries, especially since the middle of the 17th century, when persecutions by the Muslim lords set in motion the apostasy of many Albanian villages.
• The College of Propaganda at Rome, especially prominent in religious and moral support of Albanian Catholics. During the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly, it educated young clerics for service on the Albanian missions, contributing then as now to their support and to that of the churches.
• The Austrian Government, which gave about five thousand dollars yearly to the Albanian missions, in its role of Protector of the Christian community under Turkish rule. Apropos of the Austrian interest in Albania, it may be stated that it is the Austrian ambassador who obtains from the Sultan the Berat, or civil document of institution, for the Catholic bishops of Albania.[4]

The Church legislation of the Albanians was reformed by Pope Clement XI, effecting a general ecclesiastical visitation (1763) by the Archbishop of Antivari, at the close of which a national synod was held. Its decrees were printed by Propaganda (1705), and renewed in 1803.[5] In 1872, Pius IX caused a second national synod to be held at Scutari, for the renovation of the popular and ecclesiastical life.

Organization

Location of Diocese

The country is currently split into two Ecclesiastical provinces each headed by Archbishops – Shkodër-Pult in the north and Tiranë-Durrës in the centre and south. Shkodrë-Pult has two suffragan Diocese for Lezhë and Sapë. Tiranë-Durrës has one suffragan Diocese for Rrëshen as well as metropolitan authority over the Byzantine Rite Apostolic Administration of Southern Albania, also known as the Albanian Greek-Catholic Church.[6]

Name	Area	Catholic Population	%
Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult	Shkodër	166,700	70%
Diocese of Lezhë	Lezhë	86,300	71%
Diocese of Sapë	Zadrima, Vau-Dejes	70,701	35%
Archdiocese of Tiranë-Durrës	Tirana	135,400	11%
Diocese of Rrëshen	Rrëshen	55,300	23%
Apostolic Administration of Southern Albania	Southern Albania	3,000	0.2%

The first known Bishop of present-day Albania was Bassus, who was made Bishop of Scutari (Shkodër) in 387, suffragan to the Bishop of Thessaloniki, Primate of all Illyricum. In the 6th century, Shkodër became a suffrage of Ohrid, in the present-day Republic of Macedonia, which was made the Primate of all Illyricum, and by the early Middle Ages, Shkodër was suffrage of the Bishop of Duklja, in present-day Montenegro. In 1867 Shkodër was united with the Archdiocese of Antivari (Bar, Montenegro), but split in 1886, to become a separate Archdiocese once again with suffragan bishops in Lezhë, Sapë and Pult. The Diocese of Pult (Pulati) – a region north of Shkodër between the present day villages of Drisht and Prekal – dates back to 899, when a Bishop of Pult was appointed as a suffragan to the Bishop of Duklja. The Diocese was once divided into Greater Pult and Lesser Pult but eventually merged with Shkodër in 2005. Drisht, a village north of Shkodër, also used to be a separate Bishopric. The Diocese of Sapë (Sappa) – covering the region of Zadrima between Shkodër and Lezhë – dates back to 1062, and that of Lezhë (Alessio) to the 14th century.[6] The Archdiocese of Durrës was created in the 13th century, as the Bishopric of Albanopolis. It united with Tirana in 1992. The Diocese of Rrëshen was split off in 1996.

The Apostolic Administration of Southern Albania was created in 1939.

Other former ancient Diocese in Albania were Dinnastrum and Balazum.[7][8]

The Mirdita tribe

The Mirdita tribe is the only tribe where the Albanian language and religion is still the same as centuries before. The oldest families (which are brothers in the same time) are: Oroshi, Kushneni and Spaqi. Fandi and Dibri family were hosted by the Mirdita (they came from southern Kosovo) later when those two tribes did not want to obey the rules of the Ottoman Empire, thus the perfect place for this was Mirdita.

The Congress of Berlin and Albanian resistance

The revival of the national aspirations of Albania dates from the Congress of Berlin (1878), when Austria, in order to compensate Serbia and Montenegro for her retention of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thought to divide the land of Albania between them. The Turks secretly fostered the opposition of both Muslims and Catholics, and the Albanian League was formed "for the maintenance of the country's integrity and the reconstitution of its independence".

The territories allotted to Serbia were already occupied by her troops when resistance broke forth, and the idea of dislodging them had to be abandoned; but Montenegro was unable to obtain possession of her share, the rich districts of Gusinje and Plav. The Albanians, undaunted by the unexpected opposition of their former allies, the Turks, now forced by Russia to assist Montenegro, stood against all their enemies with a determination that baffled and dismayed Europe. Mehemet Ali was routed, his house at Đakovica burned down, and he himself massacred.

The Albanians had much to avenge. They had not yet forgotten the war of a century before when their women flung themselves by the hundreds over the roads near Yanina to escape Ali Pasha's soldiers. The Turks finally relinquished their efforts to quell the movement they had themselves helped to bring about, and Montenegro had to content itself with the barren tracts of the Buna and the port of Ulcinj. She could not have aspired even to these had not Russia favored the cession of Albanian-inhabited lands to its client state Serbia, which shared with Russia common bonds of Orthodoxy and Slavic culture.

Modern period

On 26 November 2019, an earthquake struck Albania. The Catholic Church in Albania held Mass in its churches on 27 and 28 November for earthquake victims and coordinated its relief efforts through local branches of the Catholic charity Caritas.[9]

Demographics

Distribution of Catholic believers in Albania as according to the 2011 census.

According to the 2011 Albanian census, 10.03% of the population affiliated with Catholicism, while 56.7% were Muslims, 13.79% undeclared, 6.75% Orthodox believers, 5.49% other, 2.5% Atheists, 2.09% Bektashis and 0.14% other Christians.[3]

No clear statistics of any province of the former Ottoman empire have been compiled. What is known though is that before the independence of Albania, when the country had 1,500,000 inhabitants, the population's religious percentages were: 65% Muslim, 25% Albanian Orthodox Christian, and 10% Catholic. The CIA World Factbook uses the figures from the 1939 Census of 70% Muslim, 20% Eastern Orthodox Christian, and 10% Catholic.[10]

Nonetheless, Catholic sources cite that statistics have changed significantly to this: 38.8% Muslim, 35.4% Christian (16.8% Catholic, 16.1% Orthodox Christian, 0.6% Protestant, 0.6% Independent), 16.6% Non-religious (9.0% Atheist), 0.2% Baha'i.[1][2][11][12] The Catholic Church claims 525,000 members in a population of 3 million according to its count by diocese.

Geographical distribution

As of 2011, Catholics constitute about 10.03% of the Albanian population. They form a majority in Lezhë County (72.38%) and the largest religious group in Shkodër County (47.19%).

Share of Catholics in Albania per place (2011 census) [13]
Place	Population (2011)	Catholics (%)
Shllak	671	99.1
Vig-Mnelë	1,509	98.1
Orosh	1,899	97.7
Shalë	1,804	97.7
Hajmel	4,430	96.9
Kaçinar	1,016	96.8
Fierzë	1,302	96.5
Blinisht	3,361	96.0
Pult	1,529	95.7
Rubik	4,454	95.1
Ungrej	1,587	93.8
Kelmend	3,056	93.5
Kallmet	4,118	93.4
Fan	2,977	93.4
Gjegjan	2,846	92.6
Ulëz	1,229	92.6
Kolç	4,228	92.4
Dajç	3,834	92.0
Rrëshen	8,803	91.8
Kthjellë	2,209	91.5
Zejmen	5,660	91.0
Shosh	304	90.9
Shënkoll	13,102	87.4
Temal	1,562	86.1
Balldre	6,142	85.4
Velipojë	5,031	84.5
Lekbibaj	1,207	84.1
Selitë	745	82.5
Kastrat	6,883	82.4
Qelëz	1,761	82.0
Qafë-Mali	1,548	81.5
Qerret	1,498	81.0
Iballë	1,129	78.2
Vau i Dejës	8,117	77.0
Fushë-Arrëz	2,513	73.3
Shëngjin	8,091	72.4
Fushë-Kuqe	5,460	71.3
Dajç	3,885	71.1
Rrapë	1,357	69.9
Guri i Zi	8,085	66.4
Lezhë	15,510	65.3
Shkrel	3,520	62.5
Laç	17,086	60.7
Bushat	14,149	57.4
Rrethinat	21,199	47.4
Blerim	913	46.6
Mamurras	15,284	36.9
Bërdicë	5,773	36.4
Baz	2,228	32.9
Milot	8,461	32.7
Kodër-Thumanë	12,335	31.0
Shkodër	77,075	29.9
Bubq	5,951	29.2
Fierzë	1,607	28.3
Gruemirë	8,890	26.1
Llugaj	1,787	24.0
Pukë	3,607	22.5
Ana e Malit	3,858	21.6
Qendër	4,740	21.2

Gallery

• 
  One of Tirana's Catholic churches.
• 
  Old Catholic church in Vlora.
• 
  Pope Francis Bust in Tirana

See also

• Albanian Greek Catholic Church
• Catholic Church by country
• Christianity in Albania
• Religion in Albania

Sources

• William Martin Leake, Travels in Northern Greece (London, 1835)
• Élisée Reclus, The Earth and its Inhabitants (New York, 1895, Eng. tr.): Europe, I, 115-126
• Gustave Léon Niox, Péninsule des Balkans
• Edith Durham, Travels
• John Gardner Wilkinson, almatia and Montenegro (1848)
• Herder, Konvers. Lex., s. v.
• Ami Boué, la Turquie d'Europe (Paris, 1889)
• Alexandre Degrand, Souvenirs de la Haute-Albanie (Paris, 1901)
• Emanuele Portal, Note Albanesi (Palermo, 1903)
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Christitch, Elizabeth (1907). "Albania". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

The documents of the medieval religious history of Albania are best found in the eight volumes of Daniele Farlati, Illyricum Sacrum (Venice, 1751–1819). See also Augustin Theiner, Vetera Monumenta Slavorum meridionalium historiam illustrantia (Rome, 1863 sqq.). Ecclesiastical statistics may be seen in O. Werner, Orbis Terrarum Catholicus (Freiburg, 1890), 122-124, and 120; also in the Missiones Catholicæ (Rome, Propaganda Press, triennially).

References

1. "Religious Freedom Page". Religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
2. Archived 10 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
3. "Albanian census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
4. Neber, in K. L., XI, 18, 19
5. Coll. Lucensis Conc. Recent., I, 283 sq
6. Catholic Church in Albania, Catholic Hierarchy, accessed 2008-06-14
7. Archdiocese of Scutari Archived 17 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Catholic Encyclopedia via Shkoder.net, accessed 2008-06-15
8. Initiative for Making the Passage, Albanian History.net, accessed 2008-06-15 Archived 1 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
9. "Kisha Katolike dhe Karitasi Shqiptar pranë të dëmtuarve nga tërmeti" (in Albanian). Vatican News. 27 November 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
10. "Europe :: Albania – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
11. Archived 7 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
12. "Atheist Statistics | Agnostic". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2013.