2020 Belarusian protests

The 2020 Belarusian protests, nicknamed the Slipper Revolution[31][32] and the Anti-Cockroach Revolution,[33] are a series of ongoing political demonstrations against the Belarusian government and its president Alexander Lukashenko.[33][34] The demonstrations, part of the Belarusian democracy movement, started occurring in the lead-up to and during the 2020 presidential election, in which Lukashenko sought a sixth term in office.[34][23]

2020 Belarusian protests
Part of the Belarusian democracy movement and
the aftermath of the 2020 presidential election
Rally in support of Tsikhanouskaya in Minsk, 30 July
Date24 May 2020[lower-alpha 1][1] – present
(2 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Belarus
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Parties to the civil conflict
Lead figures
Casualties and losses
200+ injured[22]
2+ dead[23][24][25]
7,000+ arrested[26][25][27]
103 injured[28][29]
at least a few journalists wounded[30]

Background

At the outset of the protests, Alexander Lukashenko had been the head of state of Belarus since 1994, a 26-year tenure that is the longest in the former Soviet Union.[35][36] He has been called Europe's "last dictator", having not had a serious challenger in the previous five elections.[35] Under his authoritarian rule,[36] the government has frequently oppressed the opposition.[35][36]

Lukashenko had faced greater public opposition amid his handling of the coronavirus pandemic, which Lukashenko has denied is a serious threat.[37][35] Of the five elections won by Lukashenko, only the first was credibly deemed free and fair by international monitors.[38]

During the presidential campaign, presidential candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya has stated that the people of Belarus have to find a way to protect their vote. Therefore, all of the protests against Lukashenko were and are "leaderless".[39]

Before the election
The nickname "cockroach" for Lukashenko was adopted from Korney Chukovsky's 1921 children's poem Tarakanishche (The Monster Cockroach).

The wake-up call was started by businessman and blogger Siarhei Tsikhanouski. He compared Lukashenko to the cockroach in the children's poem The Monster Cockroach by Korney Chukovsky. The original story, published in 1923,[40] concerns a dictatorial yet fragile insect and his brief, chaotic reign of terror over all the other animals. It has been compared to The Emperor's New Clothes.[41][42] In the original poem, the cockroach is eventually eaten by a sparrow, while Tsikhanouski refers to a slipper signifying stamping on the cockroach.

Tsikhanouski traveled across Belarus, interviewed random people, and streamed videos on his YouTube channel, Strana Dlya Zhizni (Country for Life). Most of the time, people told the truth and disagreed with the current government and Alexander Lukashenko.

Tsikhanouski was detained in late May 2020 by Belarusian authorities, he was accused of being a foreign agent.[43]

In June 2020, street protests against Lukashenko took the place.[37] Several opposition candidates were registered for the 2020 Belarusian presidential election, but many of them were arrested.[43]

On 19 June, Lukashenko announced that he had "foiled a coup attempt", resulting in the arrest of main opposition rival Viktar Babaryka.[44] According to information provided by CNN, Babaryka stated that the charges of bribery and corruption were falsified and the arrest was politically motivated to stop him from winning to the presidential election.[45] As soon as Babaryka was detained by authorities, people started walking on the streets to demonstrated their disagreement, opposition activists, protestors, journalists, and bloggers have also been arrested as part of the crackdown.[46] The human rights group Viasna estimated that about 1,300 people had been detained for protesting between early May and early August.[47]

During the interview, Lukashenko claimed that the opposition protests are part of a foreign plot.[48] He blamed the demonstrations as a plot orchestrated by foreigners, whom he suggested might be Americans, NATO members, Russians, or even Ukrainians.[35] Tsikhanouski's wife, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, registered as a candidate in the upcoming election after the arrest of Babaryka.

During the presidential campaign, Lukashenko insisted the constitution was not ready for women. Unregistered candidate Valeriy Tsepkalo's wife Veronika Tsepkalo announced that she and Maria Kalesnikava, the wife of Babaryka, will join and will provide support to Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. By making the female solidarity move, they believed that they would be able to fight and knock Lukashenko.[43]

The protests have led to questions that the conflict may last for months and escalate into violence.[49] There have been speculations that the conflict may evolve into a full revolution, akin to how the Euromaidan protests turned into a revolution in Ukraine in 2014.[50] The German Marshall Fund, a US think tank, noted that the protests are more widespread, and more brutally repressed, than previous protests in Belarus.[51]

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)[52] reported that it would not be monitoring the 2020 election as it had not been invited to do so.[53] This is the first time since 2001 the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) will not monitor elections in Belarus.[54] The OSCE has not recognised any elections in Belarus as free and fair since 1995,[53] and the government has obstructed past OSCE election-monitoring missions in the country.[54]

Presidential campaign

On 29 July, supported by the Belarusian government news, 33 alleged mercenaries from the Wagner Group, a Russian private military company, were arrested in a sanatorium near Minsk.[47] All but one, who remains in custody, were deported to Russia on 14 August despite a request from the Ukraine for their extradition.[55]

On 30 July, a permitted rally of presidential candidate Svetlana Tikhanovskaya took place in the Friendship of Peoples Park in Minsk. According to human rights activists, 63,000–70,000 people gathered, and the police recollected only about 18,250 people there. It was one of the biggest meetings since 1991.

On 6 August, an estimated 5,000 peaceful protesters took to the streets in Minsk, waving white ribbons, calling for free and fair elections.[56]

Over the first week in August, tens of thousands of Belarusians demonstrated against Lukashenko in towns and cities across Belarus. 63,000 people demonstrated in the capital Minsk, which is the most massive street protests in post-Soviet Belarus.[47]

Election day
Main article: 2020 Belarusian presidential election

On 9 August 2020, all roads and entry points to Minsk were blocked by the police and army early in the morning.[57][58]

In the middle of the day, the Internet in Belarus was partially blocked. Government officials claimed that the reason was a heavy denial-of-service attack originating from outside Belarus. On the other hand, independent IT specialists have claimed that Belarusian state Internet monopoly Beltelecom and affiliated state agencies deliberately used deep packet inspection (DPI) technology or traffic shaping, and that issues with the filtering equipment used may have been the cause.[59] Telegram was the only working instant messaging application.[60][61]

In the evening of the same day immediately after, the Belarusian government-sponsored TV aired exit poll results showing a supposed landslide in which Lukashenko got 80.23% of the vote, while Tsikhanouskaya received only 9.9%.[57] The landslide was so large that even pro-government people found that the landslide was unlikely to be true.[62] This caused an immediate reaction by supporters of Tsikhanouskaya to head to the streets in all major cities in Belarus, such as Brest, Minsk, Vitebsk, Grodno, Mazyr, Pinsk, Gomel, and Babruysk. People were doing so to express their dissatisfaction and were calling for a fair count of votes.[62] This started as peaceful protests in the middle of the night, but in Minsk, the situation turned into a fight between some people and the authorities. People started building barricades to block the traffic on the streets.[63] The total number of protesters in Minsk was difficult to estimate because they were scattered throughout the city.[64]

At night, after breaking up big crowds, police officers chased smaller groups of protesters through downtown Minsk for several hours. A fight against security forces and police continued in all major cities in Belarus. Law enforcement officers used police batons, rubber bullets (fired from shotguns), grenades with lead balls, water cannons, tear gas, and flashbangs. They used it to suppress the protests as people were chased in the suburbs all night.[65][66] In Brest, protesters gradually dispersed, leaving a crowd of 200–300 from an estimated previous total of 5,000.[64] That night in Minsk, security forces were dropping grenades near people, and some people received critical injuries.[64]

It was one of the biggest protests since Belarus became independent. Security forces arrested around 3,000 people overnight.[67] Some of the protesters were seriously injured, with at least 50 protesters being taken to the hospital, some of them were in critical state condition and one of the protesters died.[68]

Some people were reported to be arrested near the polling stations awaiting election results on their stations. In Minsk, 73-year old man with a daughter and grandchildren were arrested with nearly 20 other people who gathered near the 86th school after the closure of the polling station. It was reported that they were sentenced to 10 and 25 days in jail.[69] In Baranavichy, two Roman Catholic priests were arrested among others: they were waiting the results near the polling station.[70]

Post-election

Protests and strikes

On 10 August early in the morning in Minsk, people started bringing flowers to a place where someone had died the prior night. Local authorities did not confirm the death. The CEC (Central Election Commission of Belarus) announced election results.[2]

As the protests swept Belarus following the falsified results, the primary opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya published a video saying that she left Belarus for Lithuania.[71] She was coerced to leave while also submitting a complaint to the CEC,[71] where she was detained for seven hours.[22]

In the evening, the protests continued in all major cities of Belarus, including Brest, Homiel, Hrodna, Mahiliou, Viciebsk, Baranavichy, Maladzyechna, Navahrudak, Novopolotsk, Zhodzina.[72] In Minsk, protesters changed their tactics, switching positions from one part of the city to another, similar to the "Be Water" tactics used by the 2019–20 protesters in Hong Kong.[73]. Protesters barricaded the area around the Riga Market in the center of Minsk. Government forces responded by tear-gassing the protesters and using flashbangs.[74] Authorities were throwing grenades at the protesters, and a protester died near Pushkinskaya metro station.

The supposed country of origin of the flashbangs is in the Czech Republic. The state imposed an embargo on selling such equipment to Belarus after the suppression of the 2010 elections.[75]

One of the female lines of solidarity and protest in Minsk (13 August)
Protesters near a church in Minsk (12 August)

The government's riot police (AMAP/OMON), internal troops, and anti-terrorist "Almaz" elite special force participated in the suppression of the protests in Minsk. Water cannons were also used near the Riga Market, and rubber bullets were widely used everywhere. Mass protests were reported. It was reported that AMAP squads seized some ambulances or used visually similar vans to deceive the protesters into allowing them through the barricades.[76][77]

Police continued to use a water cannon against protesters during a rally of opposition supporters in Minsk on Monday.[78]

Five days later, the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta wrote that the the beatings and arrests that occurred on August 10, 2020, were ordered by the retired commander of Military Unit 3214 of the Internal Troops of Belarus, Dmitri Pavlichenko, who had been previously arrested for serious crimes.[79]

On 11 August, the protests resumed in Minsk and other major cities. Rubber bullets and flashbangs were widely used.[80] The ministry of internal affairs confirmed that it used combat bullets against protesters in Brest;[22] no deaths were reported, although one man is in critical condition and has severe brain damage (as of 14 August).[81][82]

In Homiel, a 25-year-old man died on 12 August after waiting in a security forces detainee van for many hours in hot weather, he had a heart condition and wasn't given proper medical attention in time.[83] Also, in Homiel, relatives, and friends of over 500 arrested people were not allowed to visit them. The local police did not tell them anything about their relatives' fate. It was also reported that the policewoman abused the arrested woman there[84]

One of the female lines of solidarity and protest in Minsk (13 August)

During widespread protests in Hrodna, a 5-year-old was injured, and their father arrested after the car they were in was rammed by government forces.[85]

On 12 August, people in Minsk and later in other cities started to line up on streets to protest against the government's brutal suppression. The majority of protesters were women wearing white clothes.[86][87] People who previously served in the special security forces expressed their solidarity by publishing videos where they threw uniforms in the garbage and called authorities to stop opposing people.[88]

On the same day, someone had published a video in the Telegram group with the recording of an internal police order to shoot to kill protesters if they are opposing a police officer. The Belarus Interior Minister admitted on 12 August a "shoot to kill" policy was enforced.[89]

In many places in Minsk, riot police were observed moving in ambulances and shooting at people, stopping near crowds, which is a violation of the 1949 Geneva Conventions.[90][91]

On 13 August, many lines of protesters demonstrating in solidarity against violence by the police were observed,[92][93][94] including thousands of women dressed in white.[95] Strikes of workers in several state-owned factories also took place.[95]

External images
Protesters in Minsk
Protesters in Minsk
Female first line of protesters in Minsk
Protesters and government troops in Brest
Protesters in Homiel
Wounded protester
Government troops
Water cannons in use
Barricade in Minsk (graffiti "3%" refers to the protesters' view at the approval rating of Lukashenko)
AMAP beating protesters and passers-by
Trucks with government troopers in Minsk
Arrest
Arrest of a biker
AMAP trooper beating random passer-by
Internal trooper firing a shotgun
"Almaz" anti-terrorist squad; one of them has GM-94 portable grenade launcher[96]

Several reports of different law violations in Belarusian prisons (severe overcrowding, beating, and outrages against prisoners, including torture) were submitted.[97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]

On 14 August, peaceful protests continued nationwide. Working-class people from Minsk Tractor Works also joined the protest in front of the Government House in Minsk. They took part in a massive march carrying banners claiming that 16,000 workers are supporting this protest.[105] A group of soldiers guarding the building lowered their shields, "appearing to side with the protesters".[106]

During the protests in Lida, several police officers honked and sound sirens in solidarity with the protesters. People were loudly responding to them with applause.[107]

Svetlana Tikhanovskaya asked Belarusian authorities to stop the violence, "engage in dialogue", and call on mayors to organise peaceful rallies across the country over the weekend.[105]

On August 15, post-election protests continued to grow. Government-supported television for the first time demonstrated episodes of what is happening on the Belarussian streets without any censor, they streamed farewell ceremony for the murdered during a peaceful protest on August 10, It was a short episode after which many of the workers from government television also joined solidarity with people.. The Associated Press released a video showing the moment when Alexander Taraikovsky was killed.[108][109]

It was reported that President Lukashenko's authorities asked Kremlin representatives about the possibility of Lukashenko escaping to Russia. Furthermore, it was reported that Russia admits that Lukashenko's resignation from the post of head of state is likely.[110][111] The editor-in-chief of the anti-government website Charter 97 claimed that Russian troops were concentrated along the Belarus-Russia border in preparation for a potential invasion, possibly within the next 48 hours.[112] It was also reported that Lukashenko spoke to President Putin with both sides expressing confidence that all existing problems would be settled soon, the possibility of foreign mediation was firmly rejected by Lukashenko.[113]

On 16 August, supporters of Lukashenko were bused into Minsk from various cities across the country to hold a rally in support of the President.[114] It was reported that there were likely around 1,200 people traveling to the rally.[115]

Deaths

On 10 August a protester, Alexander Taraikovsky, died near Pushkinskaya metro station. According to the Ministry of internal affairs, a man tried to throw an explosion device at the government troopers near the Pushkinskaya metro station, but it exploded in his arms[116][117] [118] However, some doubts in the circumstances of the death of the 34-year-old man were expressed.[117] It was reported that a massive blood loss due to an open chest wound was recorded in a death certificate.[119] and a video was published on 15 August which shows that the protester had empty hands and that he was getting shot by the policemen.[120] On 15 August, Associated Press agency published a single frame from a video made on 10 August, where a man in a white shirt who looks similar to the deceased is staying unsteadily with a big red spot on his chest (presumably it's blood).[121][122][123] Ministry of internal affairs denied the authenticity of the frame, claiming that the original version was truthful.[116] Elena German, the partner of the deceased, saw the body in the morgue and reported that there were no injuries to his hands, but there was a small hole in his chest, consistent with a bullet hole.[113] On 15 August, thousands of people gathered at the funeral in Minsk.[119][124]

On 12 August in Homiel, a 25-year-old man who probably had heart disease died. According to preliminary information, he died because of waiting in a security forces detainee van for many hours in hot weather. He was in the van because the city's temporary detention centers were overcrowded. He was sentenced to 10 days in prison but wasn't given proper medical attention in time.[125][126][127][25]

Transitional council

On 14 August, Tikhanovskaya published a video which claims she won the presidential election with 60–70% of the vote. She announced the creation of a transitional council of "civil society activists, respected Belarusians and professionals" to handle the transfer of power from Lukashenko.[105][128]

Attacks on journalists and censorship
Main article: Censorship in Belarus

Foreign and non-government journalists are always were target by local police and security forces (KGB), according to Belsat TV data in May 2020, they paid a total of $200,000 in fees.

During the 2020 Belarusian presidential election, the cases of attacks are increased.On July 23 Lukashenko during a meeting with the leaders of the country's economic bloc, his main concern was that BBC and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty had encouraged riots while streaming protests and threatened to expel media and ban them from reporting on the election[129].

On 9–11 August, several independent journalists were arrested in Minsk, Brest, and Babruysk.[72] According to a statement by the Belarusian Association of Journalists, on 10 August, internal troops and other government forces deliberately shot rubber bullets at independent journalists in Minsk (including Tut.by and Nasha Niva). The journalists wore special high visibility jackets and had personal IDs. Nasha Niva editor-in-chief (also wearing a jacket) disappeared during the night. He managed to send an SOS SMS message to his wife, saying he was arrested. His fate was unknown as of 13:30 local time, and the Nasha Niva website was not updated for many hours after his presumed arrest.[130] Several journalists, including foreigners, were slightly injured during the suppression of the protests. A rubber bullet hit the plastic ID of Getty Images' photojournalist Michal Fridman. Several Russian journalists from both official media and Internet projects were arrested but soon released.[131]

On 10 August, local journalists reported problems with all major communication platforms and pro-opposition websites.[57]

On 11 August, it was reported that police officers and other government agents forcibly took away memory cards from many journalists' devices. They also forced them to delete photos or sometimes crushed their cameras.[80] BBC News Russia reported that three of its journalists were beaten by the government forces that night while covering the protests.[132] Russian journalist Nikita Telizhenko was heavily beaten in Belarusian jail: he was arrested in Minsk and sent to Zhodzina because of jails' overcrowding in Minsk. In Zhodzina he was beaten on his kidneys, legs, and neck, but he was soon released at the Russian embassy's request.[133] Arrested Russian journalist Artyom Vazhenkov was reported to be accused of mass rioting (up to 15 years of prison in Belarus).[134]

On 12 August, Belsat journalist Jauhien Merkis was arrested in Homiel while covering the protests. Even though he was there as a journalist, the next day, the local court sentenced him to 15 days in jail for "participation in an unauthorized mass event".[135] Journalist Ruslan Kulevich from Hrodna, arrested on 11 August, was freed on 14 August with fractures of both hands.[136]

One of the few communication systems that managed to avoid censorship is the independent Belarusian-owned NEXTA Telegram channel based in Warsaw. The channel's subscribers rose from 100,000 on election night to over a million after a day.[137] The channel publishes user-generated videos, photos, and comments of the protests.[138] The founder of NEXTA himself is facing up to 15 years of prison after being indicted by the regime.[139] Other popular Telegram channels include tut.by, Belamova, Nasha Niva and Chai s malinavim varennem (Belarusian: Чай з малiнавым варэннем).

On 15 August workers at the Belarusian TV and radio company in Minsk held a meeting with the head of the upper chamber of Parliament of Belarus Natalia Kochanova and press Secretary of the President of Belarus Natalia Eismont asking why the station was not broadcasting the truth, the officials had been escorted to the building by riot police who took control of the building[140] whilst thousands of protestors outside demanded the station show people the truth. It was also reported that some staff had resigned and one hundred were planning to strike on Monday.[141]

Support for victims of repression

Unregistered candidate Valery Tsepkalo created a non-profit organization "Belarus of the future". The primary goal of the program is to support citizens of Belarus who have suffered from political repression. Tsepkalo was not the first who started supporting them. Before him, people were self-organizing the funds with the same concept to support victims of oppression in Belarus, paying for received fines they received during the protests.[142]

Mikita Mikado, the CEO of PandaDoc, which has Belarussian roots, offered to support authorities (police officers, army and security forces) that want to retire, but cannot because for financial reasons.[143][144] The CEO is planning to resign based on the latest events. He had published a video and asked to contact him directly to get full support.[143]

Alexander Shneerson, the CEO of ISSoft, announced "The Belarusian society has invested a lot in the IT industry. We are part of the people of Belarus and we believe that the time has come for IT specialists to support those who suffered during the peaceful protests."[145]

The Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki announced on 14 August an €11 million fund to help protesters get visas and settle in Poland. Poland would provide support Belarusian independent media and non-governmental organisations and scholarships would also be available to Belarusian students in Poland.[146] Lithuania offered medical assistance to injured protesters.[146]

International reactions

International sanctions
  • EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell on 14 August announced that the EU would bring in sanctions against Belarusian officials responsible for "violence and falsification".[105][146]

International organizations
  • The United Nations Spokesman Stéphane Dujarric said the UN is following post-election developments with great concern, calling on the Belarusian authorities to show maximum restraint and to ensure full respect for the rights of freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association.[147] UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet also condemned the violent response, stating that the reports of ill-treatment during and after detention are "disturbing", reminding the Belarusian Government "of the absolute prohibition on torture and other ill-treatment of detainees."[148], the detaining of bystanders and minors, suggesting a trend of massive arrests in clear violation of international human rights standards.[25]
  • High Representative of the European Union Josep Borrell and European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Olivér Várhelyi issued a joint statement condemning police violence following the election and stating that the EU would monitor further developments.[149] The EU later stated that it would re-evaluate its relationship with Belarus.[150][151] EU foreign ministers at an emergency video meeting on 14 August agreed to bring in new sanctions against Belarusian officials responsible for "violence and falsification".[105]

Countries that recognized Lukashenko
  • Russian President Vladimir Putin congratulated Lukashenko on his victory.[152] Multiple demonstrations took place in front of the Belarusian embassy in Moscow condemning Lukashenko's government and commemorating those who died during the protests.[153] On 14 August 2020, Spokeswoman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Maria Zakharova stated that the protests were a result of "outside meddling" from foreign states to "create a rift in society and destabilize the situation".[154] On August 15, Lukashenko spoke with Putin on the phone, later asserting, "He and I agreed: at our first request they will provide comprehensive security assistance to ensure Belarus’s security."[155]
  • Initially, Kyrgyzstan President Sooronbay Jeenbekov congratulated the re-election of Belarus' president. After a photo appeared that showed Lukashenko standing with former Kyrgyz prime minister Daniyar Usenov and former Kyrgyz president Kurmanbek Bakiyev, the Foreign Ministry of Kyrgyzstan protested to the Belarusian embassy in Kyrgyzstan about the photo.[156]
  • Both Armenia's Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan[157] and President Armen Sarkissian[158] congratulated Lukashenko. Pashinyan's congratulation was widely criticized in Armenia.[159][160] A number of Armenian pro-democracy NGOs released a statement in support of the protest movement.[161] On August 14, a small march in central Yerevan was held support of the protests.[162]
  • Although the Moldovan President Igor Dodon congratulated Lukashenko for his victory,[163] a group of protesters demonstrated in front of the Belarusian embassy in Chișinău. They came with banners saying "Down with dictatorship!", "Down with censorship!", "Belarus will be free!" and other messages opposing Lukashenko. The protesters also said that Dodon allowed himself to congratulate Lukashenko on behalf of the entire Moldovan people.[164]

Countries that did not recognize Lukashenko
  • Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš expressed support for Belarusian protesters and along with other Czech MPs called for the elections to be repeated and for the EU to respond strongly.[165][166]
  • On 15 August 2020, the prime ministers of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania called on Belarus to conduct new, "free and fair" elections supervised by international monitors.[167]
  • Lithuanian President Gitanas Nausėda has stated terms as part of a joint initiative by Lithuania, Latvia and Poland to act as mediators in the crisis: "First, Belarus' authorities stop the use of force against their citizens and de-escalate the situation. Second, Belarus' authorities release detainees, who number in the thousands already, (and) all the protesters who have been subjected to repressions. Third, Belarus resumes dialogue with its civil society."[168] On 12 August, Lithuania opened its borders for people fleeing Belarus.[169] The Lithuanian foreign affairs committee voted on 12 August to declare Mr Lukashenko's claim to the presidency as illegitimate.[170] The President of Lithuania, Gitanas Nausėda, reiterated that Lukashenko is no longer the legitimate leader of Belarus on the following day.[171] On 15 August 2020, Lithuanian Foreign Minister Linas Linkevičius referred to Lukashenko as the "former president" of Belarus.[172]
  • Poland's Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the violence, appealed to the Belarusian authorities "to start respecting fundamental human rights" and stated "the harsh reaction, the use of force against peaceful protesters, and arbitrary arrests are unacceptable".[173] Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki has also expressed sympathy for the protesters during talks with EU leaders.[174]

Countries that expressed concern or condemnation
  • US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo described the elections as "not free and fair" and condemned "ongoing violence against protesters and the detention of opposition supporters."[175]
  • UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office called for the authorities "to refrain from further acts of violence following the seriously flawed Presidential elections." It acknowledged that there had "been a lack of transparency throughout the electoral process."[176]
  • Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister François-Philippe Champagne stated that Canada was "deeply concerned" by the violence following the elections and that authorities' actions had "further eroded the democratic legitimacy of the vote." He called for the results of Sunday's election "to reflect the will of the people."[177]
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine issued a joint statement with Poland and Lithuania.[178] Andriy Yermak, head of the Office of the President of Ukraine also appealed to Belarusian authorities to release Ukrainian human rights activists and journalists detained in Belarus.[179][180] President Zelensky also "called on Belarusian people to dialogue, maximum tolerance, indulgence, refusal from street violence", stated that "Ukraine extremely interested in democratic and stable Belarus".[181][182] Zelensky also cancelled his planned October state visit to Minsk due to the protests.[183]
  • German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas called for the European Union to discuss sanctions on Belarus.[175]
  • The Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland expressed concern over the protests following the election. It urged the Belarusian government to exercise restraint.[184]
  • Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Ann Linde, expressed concerns over how protesters in Belarus were beaten and arrested. She said that the election in Belarus was neither democratic nor fair, and that it follows the same pattern as previous elections in Belarus. She demanded that all arrested protestors be released.[185]
  • The Irish Foreign Affairs Minister Simon Coveney has stated he was "deeply concerned by this disproportionate and unacceptable level of violence against peaceful protesters" and that Ireland would "coordinate her response in collaboration with her colleagues in the EU".[186]
  • Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic, Ivan Korčok, labelled the Belarusian government's interventions against its political opponents and citizens peacefully expressing their opinion as unacceptable. The Slovak Republic "appeals to president Lukashenko to abide by the basic principles of democracy and freedom of expression. No one can be persecuted for expressing their views."[187]
  • The foreign ministers of Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Poland jointly called for an EU video conference to discuss a united position for the bloc on Belarus.[188]
  • The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bogdan Aurescu said he was "very concerned" about the situation of Belarus and that the "only way" was to stop the violence and start a political dialogue. He also urged the country to respect fundamental human rights.[189]
  • President Emmanuel Macron told Vladimir Putin that he was very worried about the violence that citizens have faced during the election and the current situation in Belarus.[190]
  • The Dutch minister of Foreign Affairs stated: "The Netherlands is concerned about the course of the elections in Belarus last Sunday and its aftermath, especially the harsh police crackdown on peaceful protesters."[191] On 14 August 2020 he stated: "New elections Belarus needed, sanctions not ruled out."[192]
  • The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ine Marie Eriksen Søreide condemns use of force in Belarus. This use of violence is unacceptable.”We call on the Belarusian authorities to release the arrested protesters and journalists immediately.”[193]
  • Rally in support of Tsikhanoŭskaya, 30 July
  • Local lines of solidarity during mass protests in Minsk, 13 August
  • Local lines of solidarity in Minsk, 14 August
  • "Wall of shame" near a school with diplomas issued by the school, graduate sashes and protest inscriptions. Such installations were made in protest against presumable falsifications by the teachers[194]

See also

References
  1. Main phase began after the election night on 9 August.
  2. Union Diplomacy.
  1. "More Than 1,000 Belarusians Protest Lukashenka's Bid For Sixth Term". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 24 May 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  2. Паслухайце, як віцебскі чыноўнік прымушае выбарчую камісію замяніць лічбы ў пратаколах АЎДЫЯ. Наша Ніва (in Belarusian).
  3. "Belarus: Anti-government protesters rally ahead of presidential vote". Deutsche Welle. 19 July 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
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