2020 Thai protests

The ongoing 2020 Thai protests are series of protests against the government of prime minister and the 2014 junta leader Prayut Chan-o-cha. The protests were initially triggered by the dissolution of the pro-democracy Future Forward Party (FFP) in late February 2020. The protests were held exclusively in academia grounds and were brought to a halt by the COVID-19 pandemic due to academia shutdown order. The protests erupted again on 18 July as a demonstration organized under Free Youth (Thai: เยาวชนปลดแอก; RTGS: yaowachon plot aek) at the Democracy Monument in Bangkok, gathering approximately 2,500 protesters. Three demands were given to the government: the resignation of the cabinet, the dissolution of parliament, and drafting of a new constitution. The July protests were triggered by the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of the Emergency Decree. The protests then spread to at least 44 provinces nationwide, and since then had been held almost daily. On 3 August, two student groups publicly discussed and raised demands to reform the monarchy, leading to an arrest of the public speaker. Since then the issue seems to received wider attention among the protesters, while pro-government groups held counter-rallies, vowing to prevent the perceived threat to the monarchy and regime change.

2020 Thai protests
Clockwise from top:
Other pictures were from July protests.
Date
  • Phase 1: February 2020
  • Phase 2: Since 18 July 2020 (2020-07-18)
    (30 days)
Location
Thailand, including some overseas protests.
Caused by
Goals
  • Dissolution of the House and fresh legislative elections
  • Stop threatening the people
  • Drafting a new constitution
  • Abolition of the appointed Senate
  • Amendment of royal prerogative and lèse majesté law

Others:

  • Same-sex marriage legislation
MethodsDemonstrations, flash mob, sit-ins, online activism, petition
StatusOngoing
  • Halted for five months due to academia shut down.
Parties to the civil conflict

Protesters:
(no centralised authority)

  • Free Youth
  • Democracy Restoration Group
  • Student Union of Thailand
  • Free Thoey
  • Campaigning Group for Constitution of the People
  • Students of

Sympathetic media

Sympathetic media
Lead figures
Anon Nampha
Casualties
Death(s)0
Injuries0
Arrested8[lower-alpha 2]
Charged19[lower-alpha 3]

Background

As the head of junta National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), the 2014 Thai coup d'état brought Prayut Chan-o-cha to power, with him being appointed Prime Minister. NCPO ruled the country for five years unchecked, during which political and civil rights were restricted, and economic inequality widened. Even the 2019 Thai general election, which was considered "not free and not fair", nominally brought an end to NCPO, but the political system is still business as usual for Prayut. The army still carries out defunct NCPO's policies and orders. The coalition government is composed of pro-Prayut camps and smaller parties who were benefited by technical interpretation of the election law. He also has allies in the Senate, Constitutional Court, various Constitutional organizations, and officials in the local government level who were hand-picked by NCPO mechanisms. Numerous people of power, regardless of those reported engaging in corruption scandals, traffic death, nepotism, drug trafficking, incompetency, are not accountable by any means.

After eleven months of the coalition, an opposition Future Forward Party was dissolved by the Constitutional Court, as the House about to debate on motion of no confidence. Former FFP members exposed junta's involvement in 1MDB.[1] The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the government response were gradually felt by the people.

First wave (February)
Protests at Srinakharinwirot University Ongkharak Campus on 25 February. The crossed out number is the popular vote count of dissolved FFP

The first wave protests were triggered by the Constitution Court decision to disband the Future Forward Party, an opposition party popular amongst youths, on 23 February 2020.[9] Demonstrations since erupted in various high schools, colleges, and universities nationwide. These student-organised protests also came with various hashtags unique to their institutions. The firsts began at Thammasat University, Chulalongkorn University, Ramkhamhaeng University, Kasetsart University, and Srinakharinwirot University on 24 February. Various high school students also organised protests at Triam Udom Suksa School and Suksanari School. The protests, however, were limited to individual institutions.[10][11] The protests, which was organized exclusively on the academia grounds, were halted in late February due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with all universities, colleges, and schools shut down.[1]

Hashtags

Various hashtags emerged for protests at each institutions. For example:

  • Protests at Chulalongkorn University used #เสาหลักจะไม่หักอีกต่อไป (lit. The pillar will not be broken longer; an analogy to the university's tagline as “the pillar of the land.”)
  • Protests at Triam Udom Suksa School used #เกียมอุดมไม่ก้มหัวให้เผด็จการ (lit. Triam Udom doesn't bow to dictatorship)
  • Protests at Srinakharinwirot University (SWU) used #มศว คนรุ่นเปลี่ยน (lit. SWU generation of change)

Some mentioned their distaste of the pro-military conservatives (dubbed Salim — สลิ่ม; the word was derived from Thai dessert sarim) such as[11]

  • Protests at Kasetsart University (KU) used #KUไม่ใช่ขนมหวานราดกะทิ (KU is not coconut milk dessert [referring to sarim.])
  • Protests at Khon Kaen University (KKU) used #KKUขอโทษที่ช้าโดนสลิ่มลบโพสต์ (KKU is sorry for being late; [our] posts were deleted by salims)
  • Protests at Mahidol University (located in Salaya) used #ศาลายางดกินของหวานหลายสี (Salaya stops eating multi-coloured dessert [referring to sarim.])
  • Protests at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology (Phra chom klao) used #พระจอมเกล้าชอบกินเหล้าไม่ชอบกินสลิ่ม (Phra chom klao loves eating [drinking] liquors but not salim)

Second wave (July–present)

Background

On 15 July, the national centre for COVID-19 announced two new infected cases; an Egyptian soldier in Rayong Province, and a Sudanese diplomat's daughter in Asok neighbourhood of Bangkok. Both of them were the government's exceptions for "VIP guests," not requiring to comply with several COVID-19 measures. The government also keep secret the high-risk areas that both patients have been located in during their stay until 16 July, infuriating many netizens who were afraid of the possible second outbreak.[12] Many criticised on both the government's failure to contain the disease from those VIPs,[13] and its failure to boost the heavily effected tourism industry in Rayong Province where more than 90% of hotel bookings were cancelled.[14][15] This situation was considered the eruption point of the protest on 18 July.

On the same day, the Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha made a visit to Rayong Province. Prior to his arrival were two protesters held signs calling for his resignation. Both were immediately arrested and reportedly beaten by the police, infuriating many Twitter users.[16]

Major events

Bangkok
Seri Thoey group flew the LGBT flag during the protest on 25 July

On 18 July, Thailand saw the largest street demonstration since the 2014 Thai coup d'état[17] at the Democracy Monument in Bangkok with around 2,500 protesters. The protesters, organised under the name Free Youth (Thai: เยาวชนปลดแอก; RTGS: yaowachon plot aek), announced three demands: resignation of the cabinet and dissolution of the House, stop threatening the citizens, and drafting a new constitution.[18] The event was triggered by the failed economy of the country due to pandemic, and unjustified implementation of the Emergency Decree that was heavily criticised as being a tool against any possible protest.[19][20] The gathering was planned to last overnight and disband on the next day. However, it was cancelled by midnight for security reasons. Charnvit Kasetsiri, Thai historian, warned the protestors that they should not stay overnight, so as to prevent the tragedy of Thammasat University massacre of 1976.[21]

On 22 July, a group of activists from Srinakharinwirot University (SWU) under the name SWU the generation of change (มศว คนรุ่นเปลี่ยน) organised a mob at the Democracy Monument claiming to “extol the beauty of [this] newly created garden”, mocking at the potted plants Bangkok Metropolitan Administration brought into the Democracy Monument around 18 July to block protesters from entering. The potted plants were removed a few days later.[22]

On 23 July, Phumiwat Raengkasiwit (ภูมิวัฒน์ แรงกสิวิทย์), an activist from the group Nawachiwin, began a hunger strike in front of Sappaya-Sapasathan, the meeting place of the Thai parliament. The act was to emphasise extreme poverty due to failed COVID-19 management, he told to BBC Thai.[23] The strike is still ongoing.

On 25 July, a group of LGBTs, organised under the name Seri Thoey (lit. Free Thoey; parody to the Seri Thai - Free Thai Movement), demonstrated at the Democracy Monument calling for legalisation of same-sex marriage in addition to the three demands given earlier.[24] The mob was highly praised online for using parodies of memorable kathoey gags from the famed kathoey comedy horror film Hor Taew Taek (Haunting Me). Thai youth activist Netiwit Chotiphatphaisal commented that the July 25 protest was full of creativity, including colourful outfits, colourful hair, distinct personal style and marked by a few choice words. He considered it a "landmark moment" in recent Thai political protests.[25]

On 26 July, the event called “Let’s run, Hamtaro” was organised at the Democracy Monument. It was initially an online activism, later spread via Twitter, and eventually gathered around 3,000 people. The event consisted of running around the monument whilst singing a jingle from Hamtaro, a famous Japanese cartoon, with some amendments to the lyrics as a satire to the political corruptions. The well-known lyrics from Hamtaro; “the most yummy things of all are.... sunflower seeds!”, was amended into a satire “the most yummy things of all are.... citizens’ taxes!”.[22] The parody was used initially in a protest at Triam Udom Suksa School in Bangkok few days earlier. The video of students singing the jingle soon spread online and eventually inspired the running event.

On 30 July, two vocational student groups held a demonstration: "Vocation [students] Help the Nation" group held royalist view, and accused the protesters of attempting to "overthrow the monarchy", and "Vocation [students] for the People" and "Cogs of Democracy" who sided with the protesters.[26]

Lawyer Anon Nampha was arrested for giving speech on monarchy reforms.

On 3 August, a Harry Potter-themed demonstration was held, openly criticized the monarchy, and demanded amendment of increasing royal prerogative and lèse majesté law.[27] The protest where 200 people joined featured a public speech by Anon Nampha. Paul Chambers, scholar on Southeast Asian politics, commented of the event: "Such open criticism of Thailand’s monarch by non-elites at a public place within Thailand with the police simply standing by is the first of its kind in Thai history."[28]

On 7 August, watchdog organization iLaw launched a petition campaign to gather 50,000 names to amend the whole 2017 Constitution and draft a new constitution by elected constitutional assembly.[29]

On 8 August, police received approval from the Bangkok Criminal Court to put prominent human rights lawyer Arnon Nampha and democracy activist Panupong Jadnok in pre-trial detention at the Bangkok Remand Prison. They were arrested on 7 August in Bangkok on charges related to their involvement in the “Free Youth” rally. Reports suggested that police also targeted 31 other people, including many student movement leaders.[30]

On 10 August, Campaigning Group for Constitution of the People group submitted a bill paving for constitutional referendum. Meanwhile, there was a counter-protest by Coordination Centre of Vocational Students for the Protection of National Institutions (CVPI) which accused the protesters of being manipulated to attack the government and the military, as well as criticizing the monarchy, with an aim to cause a regime change.[31] The group also vowed to set up their branches in all the provinces,[32] and use social pressure approach to dissuade the movement.[31]

On 16 August, over 10,000 demonstrators gathered at the Democracy Monument and reiterated calls for a revised constitution and reforms to the monarchy.[33]

Outside Bangkok
Sits-in at Nakhon Ratchasima Province on 24 July

After 18 July, the protests soon spread across the country. Demonstrations were organised in more than 20 provinces as of 23 July, including Chonburi Province, Ayutthaya Province, Pattani Province, etc.[34] Since then, various provinces each had have various protests organised. The firsts were in Chiang Mai province and Ubon Ratchathani Province on 19 July.[35]

Each with its own satirical names, some major ones are:

  • 19 July, Tha Phae Gate, Chiang Mai Province — joined by Free Youth and students from Chiang Mai University.[36]
  • 19 July, City Pillar Shrine, Ubon Ratchathani Province — peaceful demonstration organised by students and staff of Ubon Ratchathani University[37]
  • 22 July, MSU, Maha Sarakham Province — Protesters announced 4 demands to the government, namely the three demands and election under the 1997 Constitution. Its hashtag #IsanSibothon quickly trended first on Twitter in Thailand.[38]
  • 22 July, Laem Thaen, Bang Saen Beach, Chonburi Province — organised under the idea of “trash-collecting” activity. Its leader admitted that “trashes” implied the current government.[39] The protest saw some participants being investigated and treated unlawfully by the police officers. Videos circulated online infuriated many.
  • 24 July, Thao Suranari Square, Nakhon Ratchasima Province — sits-in organised by the group of students and lecturers from four academies in the province. It saw one of the largest crowds amongst other protests.[40]

On 27 and 29 July, Thais in London, and New York City also protested against Prayut government.[41]

On 10 August, there was a rally at Thammasat University, Rangsit campus in Pathum Thani Province named "ธรรมศาสตร์จะไม่ทน" (lit. Thammasat will not tolerate.) where students from numerous universities across a variety of protest groups participated. Sympathetic vocational student groups volunteered to act as security,[42] totaling about 3,000 people, the largest rally in months. It used a slogan of "We don't want reforms; we want revolution."[43] A labor union representative also gave a speech on economic inequality and broken promises of the government. Among the events were a speech by Anon Nampha, clips of political exile Pavin Chachavalpongpun known for his stance on royal reform, and declaration of ten demands to reform the monarchy under constitutional monarchy.[44] According to AP, the protesters at the site had mixed reaction to the demands.[43]

Three Demands

The protests nationwide, though some have their own custom demand (such as the aforementioned Seri Thoey group), are centred around the three demands given on 18 July by the Free Youth group. The Three Demands' cores are:[18]

  1. “The parliament must be dissolved." — Due to failed government management of the COVID-19 pandemic, rising unemployment rate, and the closing of many businesses. The government was also accused of failing to deal with the “VIP” cases of COVID-19.
  2. “Stop threatening the citizens" — since the 2019 Thai general election, many have been threatened for criticising the government.
  3. "New constitution" — the current constitution which was drafted by Prayut's allies to pave the way for Prayut and any future soldier-turn-politician to remain in power. Many who campaigned against this constitution earlier in the 2016 referendum were arrested and threatened alike.

A Free Youth leader stated that they do not aim to overthrowing the monarchy as alleged.[45]

Responses

State response and arrests

In her Facebook post, Col.Nutsara Woraphatharathorn, the former spokesperson of Royal Thai Army, dubbed the protesters “Mob Mung Ming” (ม็อบมุ้งมิ้ง; adorable mob). Her action was widely criticised for being partisan. The term Mob Mung Ming was later used throughout many protests; one that organised by Seri Thoei group on 25 July also incorporated the term in its event's name.[46]

Gen.Apirat Kongsompong, the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army, expressed concerns pointing that some students' actions were inclined to lèse majesté. He was in tears narrating his loyalty to the King.[47] The comment prompted Sereepisuth Temeeyaves, former police chief and leader of an opposition party Seree Ruam Thai, to condemn fiercely.[48]

Public Health Minister Anutin Charnvirakul expressed his concern on COVID-19 spread whilst signaling that he was neutral about the protestors' demands.[49]

Some universities and schools responded by forbidding their staff and students to join the protests and ban gathering on their grounds, claiming COVID-19 concerns. Satri Phatthalung School in Phatthalung Province was sent a warning by the local police not to join the demonstration in the province.[50] On 23 July, the dean of Prince of Songkhla University, Pattani Province Campus warned the students not to organise a demonstration on its ground. The protest, however, went on and did call for the dean's resignation in addition to the three demands.[51]

External media
Images
The police dragged Anon Nampa against his will on 7 August
Video
Arrest of student leader Parit Chiwarak on 14 August (3:09, in Thai), YouTube video.

On 7 August, Anon Nampha (Thai: อานนท์ นำภา), a leading figure of the protest, was arrested on multiple charges, including sedition,[52] after giving a public speech calling for monarchy reforms.[53] His arrest warrant, however, cited his participation in the 18 July protest.[54] Another Free Youth leader was also arrested. Amnesty International Thailand released a statement demanding removing all charges and protection of the right to protest.[55]

On 9 August, five youth leaders in Phitsanulok Province were arrested without charge. An unnamed source in Thai police unit reported that they were kept in custody in a Border Patrol Police camp to dissuade a local protest event.[56] They said they were held for "attitude adjustment" and later released. One female member said she was approached by the officers at her dormitory.[5]

On 14 August, student leader Parit Chiwarak was arrest in the outskirt of Bangkok. Police officers showed an arrest warrant, then physically carried him into a vehicle.[6]

Support

A Move Forward Party MP stated that some references to the monarchy in the protests (e.g. mockery, sarcastic comment, meme, etc.) are the inconvenient truth and need attention. He received stark responses from Manager Online and Apirat, insisting that some protesters intended to overthrow the monarchy, or fell victim to some manipulators with such intent.[57]

Thai beauty peagent Maria Poonlertlarp expressed her support for the protesters,[58] as did Thailand's leading game caster Heart Rocker.[59]

Regarding employment opportunities for youths who engaged in political activism, a human resource specialist answered only those with political ambition, or those who have political conflict of interest would be affected.[60]

Oppose

Thai Move Institute, which contains member of People's Democratic Reform Committee, released a diagram of alleged "people's revolution network" linking student protests to Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit (fomer leader of FWP) and Thaksin Shinawatra.[61]

A Naewna columnist commented that the call to reform the monarchy is an act of evil, causing disunity, and undermining the monarchy under the disguise of protest of government and constitutional amendment. Pheu Tai and former Future Forward Party may also manipulated the protesters.[62]

See also

Notes
  1. Later found to be associated with a minor junior partnor Action Coalition for Thailand.
  2. Complied from multiple sources:[3][4][5][6]
  3. Complied from multiple sources:[7][8]

References
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  4. จับแล้ว! 'ภาณุพงศ์ จาดนอก' กำลังถูกนำตัวไป​ สน.สำราญราษฎร์
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  7. 4 นักศึกษาผู้จัด #เชียงใหม่จะไม่ทนtoo ให้การปฏิเสธข้อหา พ.ร.ก.ฉุกเฉิน-พ.ร.บ.โรคติดต่อ
  8. ศาลออกหมายจับ 15จาก 31แกนนำม็อบปลดแอก ตร.ขีดเส้น 10ส.ค.ต้องได้ตัวทุกคน
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  29. เตือน!คนรุ่นใหม่ลุกฮือสู้เผด็จการ ล่า5หมื่นชื่อแก้รธน.60ตั้งส.ส.ร.
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  38. https://www.thairath.co.th/news/society/1895380
  39. "ชลบุรีจัดกิจกรรม 'มาเก็บขยะ' ไล่รัฐบาล ที่แหลมแท่น". The Bangkok Insight (in Thai). 22 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  40. "4 มหาวิทยาลัยในโคราช นักเรียน ประชาชน แสดงพลังทวงคืนประชาธิปไตย". Thairath (in Thai). 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  41. ชาวไทยในต่างประเทศ ร่วมแสดงพลังเรียกร้องประชาธิปไตย "ขับไล่เผด็จการ"
  42. "ม็อบนศ.ฮือต้าน"รัฐบาลลุงตู่"แน่น ม.ธรรมศาสตร์". https://www.posttoday.com. Retrieved 10 August 2020. External link in |website= (help)
  43. Press, Associated (11 August 2020). "Student Protest at Thammasat the Largest Rally in Months". Khaosod English. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  44. "ประมวลชุมนุม #ธรรมศาสตร์จะไม่ทน 'เราไม่ต้องการปฏิรูปเราต้องการปฏิวัติ'". prachatai.com. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  45. วังวนการเมืองเน่าสุด จุดไฟม็อบ#เยาวชนปลดแอกลงถนน ยืนยันไม่ “ล้มเจ้า”
  46. "#MGRTOP7 : "บอส อยู่วิทยา" คุกไทยมีไว้ขังคนจน? — "ม็อบมุ้งมิ้ง" เฝ้ามองไม่คุกคาม — "สุริยะ+นิติตะวัน" พ่าย "จันทร์โอชา"". MGR Online (in Thai). 25 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  47. ""บิ๊กแดง" น้ำตาคลอ! เปิดใจถึงม็อบ นศ. เตือนอย่าใช้วาจาจาบจ้วง". Channel 8 (in Thai). 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  48. ""เสรีพิศุทธ์" เตือน ผบ.ทบ. "อย่ายุ่งม็อบ นศ." ไล่ รีบๆเกษียณอายุราชการไปเสีย". Post Today (in Thai). 25 July 2020. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  49. "จับตา! #ม็อบไม่มุ้งมิ้งแต่ตุ้งติ้ง ทวง 3 ข้อรัฐบาล". ThaiPBS (in Thai). 25 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  50. "ด่วน! ตร.พัทลุง ทำหนังสือถึงโรงเรียน สั่งห้าม นร.-นศ. ชุมนุมไล่รัฐบาล". Khaosod (in Thai). 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  51. "แฟลชม็อบ พรึ่บ มอ.ปัตตานี เมินอธิการ ห้ามชุมนุมในมหาวิทยาลัย". Khaosod (in Thai). 23 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  52. "อานนท์ นำภา" โดนรวบจับแล้ว ข้อหายุยงปลุกปั่น Nation TV. 7 August 2020
  53. ด่วน! โดนจับแล้ว 'อานนท์ นำภา' ตามหมายจับศาลอาญา
  54. ผมโดนจับแล้ว” ทนายอานนท์ นำภา แจ้งข่าวผ่านเฟซบุ๊ก พร้อมโชว์หมายจับจากตำรวจ. The MATTER. 7 August 2020
  55. อานนท์ นำภา ส่งสารถึงผู้ชุมนุม "ต่อสู้ให้ถึงเส้นชัย" ด้านแอมเนสตี้ฯ ประเทศไทย เรียกร้อง "ถอนข้อกล่าวหาที่ปราศจากมูลความจริง"
  56. 3 แกนนำเยาวชนยังหายตัวปริศนา ส.ส.พิษณุโลก เผย ตชด.ปฏิเสธ ไม่ได้คุมตัว
  57. ยอมรับแล้ว! “ปิยบุตร” ยืมปาก “พิธา” เฉลย “ล้มเจ้า” ในม็อบ “สาธิต” นักธุรกิจอินเดียรักในหลวงขอถก “บิ๊กแดง”
  58. 'มารีญา' โพสต์ประกาศจุดยืนขออยู่ข้าง 'เยาวชนปลดแอก'
  59. เอก HRK และ โบ๊ะบ๊ะแฟมมิลี่ ออกมาแสดงจุดยืนทางการเมือง ถึงกลุ่ม เยาวชนปลดแอก
  60. "โควิด-19 : นายจ้างหาอะไรใน CV เด็กจบใหม่ ในยุคเศรษฐกิจทรุด". BBC Thai (in Thai). 5 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  61. "สถาบันทิศทางไทย เปิดผังเครือข่ายปฏิวัติประชาชน(เพ้อฝัน)". Nation (in Thai). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  62. "หยุดจาบจ้วงพระมหากษัตริย์". Naewna (in Thai). Retrieved 17 August 2020.
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