1981 in the United Kingdom

1981 in the United Kingdom
Other years
1979 | 1980 | 1981 (1981) | 1982 | 1983
Constituent countries of the United Kingdom
England | Northern Ireland | Scotland | Wales
Popular culture

Events from the year 1981 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

Events

January

February
  • 2 February – The report on the Brixton prison escape is released and the Governor is transferred to an administrative post.
  • 4 February – Margaret Thatcher announces that the Government will sell half of its shares in British Aerospace.
  • 5 February – Actor Lord Olivier, cancer researcher Sir Peter Medawar and humanitarian Leonard Cheshire are admitted into the Order of Merit as announced in the New Year Honours list.[6]
  • 6 February
    • The Liverpool-registered coal ship Nellie M is bombed and sunk by an IRA unit driving a hijacked pilot boat in Lough Foyle.
    • The Government drops two controversial clauses of the Nationality Bill.
    • The Canadian Minister warns British MPs against delaying changes in the Canadian constitution.
  • 9 February – Shirley Williams resigns from Labour's national executive committee.
  • 11 February – Closure of the Talbot car plant in Linwood, Scotland, is announced.
  • 12 February
    • Purchase of The Times and The Sunday Times from The Thomson Corporation by Rupert Murdoch's News International is confirmed. Murdoch also announces that an agreement with the unions has been reached about manning levels and new technology.[7]
    • Ian Paisley is suspended from the House of Commons for four days after calling the Northern Ireland Secretary a liar.
    • The National Union of Students calls off a 5-week strike.
  • 13 February – The National Coal Board announces widespread pit closures.
  • 15 February – The first Sunday games of the Football League take place.
  • 16 February – Two are jailed in connection with the death of industrialist Thomas Niedermayer.
  • 17 February – Princess Anne is elected Chancellor of London University.
  • 18 February
  • 20 February
    • Four more MPs announce their intention to leave the Labour Party.
    • Peter Sutcliffe is charged with the murder of thirteen women in the north of England.
  • 21 February – 30,000 people march in an unemployment protest in Glasgow.
  • 24 February – The engagement of 32-year-old Charles, Prince of Wales, and 19-year-old Lady Diana Spencer is officially announced.[9]
  • 25 February
  • 26 February
    • The English cricket team withdraws from the Second Test after the Guyanese government serves a deportation order on Robin Jackman.
    • Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan met in Washington – El Salvador dominated the first day of their talks.
  • 27 February
    • Three British missionaries released from Iran land in Athens.
    • Sir Harold Wilson, former Prime Minister (1964–70, 1974–76) announces his retirement from Parliament at the next general election.
    • The Archbishop of Canterbury advises the church to see homosexuality as a handicap not a sin.
    • The Observer takeover is referred to the Monopolies Commission.

March

April
  • 2 April – The effects of the recession continue to claim jobs as Midland Red, the iconic Birmingham-based bus operator, closes down its headquarters in the city with the loss of some 170 jobs.[20]
  • 4 April
  • 5 April – The 1981 UK Census is conducted.
  • 10 April – Bobby Sands, an IRA member on hunger strike in the Maze prison, Northern Ireland, is elected MP for Fermanagh and South Tyrone in a by election.[21]
  • 11 April – More than 300 people (most of them police officers) are injured and extensive damage is caused to property in the Brixton riot.[22]
  • 13 April
    • Home Secretary William Whitelaw announces a public inquiry, to be conducted by Lord Scarman, into the disturbances in Brixton.
    • Enoch Powell warns that Britain "has seen nothing yet" with regards to racial unrest.
    • Further rioting breaks out in Brixton.
  • 20 April
  • 21 April – The county administrative headquarters of Northumberland move from Newcastle upon Tyne to Morpeth.[23]
  • 23 April – Unemployment passes the 2,500,000 mark for the first time in nearly 50 years.
  • 29 April – Peter Sutcliffe admits to the manslaughter of 13 women on the grounds of diminished responsibility, but the judge rules that a jury should rule on Sutcliffe's state of mind before deciding whether to accept his plea or find him guilty of murder.

May
  • May – Peugeot closes the Talbot car plant at Linwood, Scotland, which was opened by the Rootes Group 18 years ago as Scotland's only car factory. The closure of the factory also results in the end of the last remaining Rootes-developed product, the Avenger, after 11 years, as well as the four-year-old Sunbeam supermini. There are no plans to replace the Avenger, but a French-built small car based on the Peugeot 104 will replace the Sunbeam in the next few months.[24]
  • 5 May
    • Bobby Sands, a 27-year-old republican, dies in Northern Ireland's Maze Prison after a 66-day hunger strike.[2]
    • The trial of Peter Sutcliffe begins at the Old Bailey; he stands charged with 13 murders and seven attempted murders dating back to 1975.[25]
  • 7 May – Ken Livingstone becomes leader of the GLC after Labour wins the GLC elections.[26]
  • 9 May – The 100th FA Cup final ends with a 1–1 draw between Manchester City and Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley Stadium.[27]
  • 11 May – The first performance of the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Cats takes place at the New London Theatre.[2]
  • 12 May – Francis Hughes (aged 25) becomes the second IRA hunger striker to die in Northern Ireland.
  • 13 May – An inquest returns an open verdict on the thirteen people who died as a result of their injuries in the New Cross fire.
  • 14 May – Tottenham Hotspur win the FA Cup for the sixth time in their history with a 3–2 win over Manchester City in the final replay at Wembley.[27]
  • 15 May
  • 19 May – Peter Sutcliffe is found guilty of being the Yorkshire Ripper after admitting 13 charges of murder and a further seven of attempted murder. He will be sentenced later this week.
  • 21 May – The IRA hunger strike death toll reaches four with the deaths of Raymond McCreesh and Patrick O'Hara.
  • 22 May – Peter Sutcliffe is sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommendation that he should serve at least 30 years before parole can be considered.[20]
  • 27 May – Liverpool F.C. win the European Cup for the third time by defeating Real Madrid of Spain 1–0 in the final at Parc des Princes, Paris, France. Alan Kennedy scores the only goal of the game.[28] Although they have yet to equal Spanish side Real Madrid's record of six European Cups, they are the first British side to win the trophy three times.[29]
  • 30 May – More than 100,000 people from across Britain march to Trafalgar Square in London for the TUC's March For Jobs.[28]

June

July
  • 2 July – Four members of an Asian Muslim family (three of them children) are killed by arson at their home in Walthamstow, London; the attack is believed to have been racially motivated.[34]
  • 3 July – Hundreds of Asians and skinheads riot in Southall, London, following disturbances at the Hamborough Tavern public house, which is severely damaged by fire.[28]
  • 5 July – Toxteth riots break out in Liverpool and first use is made of CS gas by British police.[35] Less serious riots occur in the Handsworth district of Birmingham as well as Wolverhampton city centre, parts of Coventry, Leicester and Derby, and also in the Buckinghamshire town High Wycombe.[36]
  • 7 July – 43 people are charged with theft and violent disorder following a riot in Wood Green, North London.[28]
  • 8 July
    • Joe McDonnell becomes the fifth IRA hunger striker to die.
    • Inner-city rioting continues when a riot in Moss Side, Manchester, sees more than 1,000 people besiege the local police station. However, the worst rioting in Toxteth has now ended.
    • British Leyland ends production of the Austin Maxi, one of its longest-running cars, after 12 years.[37]
  • 9 July – Rioting breaks out in Woolwich, London.
  • 10 July
  • 11 July – A further wave of rioting breaks out in Bradford, West Yorkshire.
  • 13 July
    • The IRA hunger strike death toll reaches six when Martin Hurson dies.
    • Margaret Thatcher announces that police will be able to use rubber bullets, water cannons and armoured vehicles against urban rioters. Labour leader Michael Foot blames the recent wave of rioting on the Conservative government's economic policies, which have seen unemployment rise by more than 70% in the last two years.
  • 15 July – Police clash with black youths in Brixton once again, this time after police raid properties in search of petrol bombs which are never found.
  • 16 July – Labour narrowly hang on to the Warrington seat in a by-election, fighting off a strong challenge from Roy Jenkins for the Social Democratic Party.[38]
  • 17 July – Official opening of the Humber Bridge by the Queen.[2]
  • 20 July – Michael Heseltine tours Merseyside to examine the problems in the area, which has been particularly badly hit by the current recession.
  • 25 July – Around 1,000 motorcyclists clash with police in Keswick, Cumbria.[28]
  • 27 July
  • 28 July – Margaret Thatcher blames IRA leaders for the recent IRA hunger striker deaths.
  • 29 July – The wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer takes place at St Paul's Cathedral. More than 30 million viewers watch the wedding on television – the second highest television audience of all time in Britain.[40]

August
  • Unknown date – Japanese carmaker Suzuki follows up the British success of its motorcycles by importing passenger cars to Britain for the first time, with first imported model being the Suzuki Alto, a small hatchback available with three or five doors and marketed as a competitor for the Mini and Citroen 2CV.[41]
  • 1 August – Kevin Lynch becomes the seventh IRA hunger striker to die.
  • 2 August – Within 24 hours of Kevin Lynch's death, Kieran Doherty becomes the eighth IRA hunger striker to die.
  • 8 August – The IRA hunger strike claims its ninth hunger striker so far (and its third in a week) with the death of Thomas McElwee.
  • 9 August – Broadmoor Hospital falls under heavy criticism after the escape of a second prisoner in three weeks. The latest absconder is 32-year-old Alan Reeve, a convicted double murderer.
  • 17 August – An inquiry opens in the Moss Side riots.
  • 20 August
    • The tenth IRA hunger striker, Michael Devine, dies in prison.
    • Inflation has fallen to 10.9% – the lowest under this government.
    • Minimum Lending Rate ceases to be set by the Bank of England.
  • 24 August – Mark David Chapman is sentenced to 20 years to life in prison for killing John Lennon.
  • 25 August – Britain's largest Enterprise Zone is launched on deindustrialised land on Tyneside.[42]
  • 26 August – General Motors launches the MK2 Vauxhall Cavalier, available for the first time with front-wheel drive and a hatchback.[43]
  • 27 August – Moira Stuart, 29, is appointed the BBC's first black newsreader.

September
  • September – Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp set up.[44]
  • 1 September – Filling stations start selling motor fuel by the litre.[20]
  • 8 September
    • Sixteen Islington Labour councillors join the SDP following the defection of Labour MP Michael O'Halloran.
    • First episode of television sitcom Only Fools and Horses broadcast on BBC One.
  • 10 September – Another Enterprise Zone is launched, the latest being in Wakefield, West Yorkshire.[45]
  • 14 September – Cecil Parkinson is appointed chairman of the Conservative Party.
  • 16 September – Postman Pat was first broadcast on BBC One
  • 17 September – A team of divers begins removing gold ingots worth £40 million from the wreck of HMS Edinburgh, sunk off the coast of Norway in 1942.[2]
  • 18 September – David Steel tells delegates at the Liberal Party conference to "go back to your constituencies and prepare for government", hopes of which are boosted by the fact that most opinion polls now show the SDP-Liberal Alliance in the lead.
  • 21 September – Belize is granted independence
  • 25 September – Ford announces that its best-selling Cortina nameplate will be discontinued next year, and its replacement will be called the Sierra.
  • 29 September – Football mourns the legendary former Liverpool manager Bill Shankly, who dies today at the age of 67 after suffering a heart attack.[46]

October
  • 1 October – Bryan Robson, 24-year-old midfielder, becomes Britain's most expensive footballer in a £1.5million move from West Bromwich Albion to Manchester United.
  • 3 October – Hunger strikes at the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland end after seven months. The final six hunger strikers have been without food for between 13 and 55 days.[47]
  • 5 October – Depeche Mode release their début album Speak and Spell.[48]
  • 7 October – British Leyland launches the Triumph Acclaim, a four-door medium-sized saloon built in collaboration with Japanese car and motorcycle giant Honda at the Cowley plant in Oxford. It is based on the Japanese Honda Ballade (not available in Britain), has front-wheel drive, is powered by a 1.3-litre 70 bhp petrol engine, and is between the Ford Escort and Ford Cortina in terms of size.[49]
  • 10 October – Chelsea Barracks bombed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army, killing two people.[26]
  • 12 October – British Leyland announces the closure of three factories – a move which will cost nearly 3,000 people their jobs.
  • 12 October – 22 December – Original run of Granada Television serial Brideshead Revisited.
  • 13 October – Opinion polls show that Margaret Thatcher is still unpopular as Conservative leader due to her anti-inflationary economic measures, which have now come under fire from her predecessor Edward Heath.[50]
  • 15 October – Norman Tebbit tells fellow Conservative MPs: "I grew up in the thirties with an unemployed father. He didn't riot. He got on his bike and looked for work and he kept looking until he found it".
  • 19 October – British Telecom announces that the telegram will be discontinued next year after 139 years in use.[20]
  • 22 October – The case of Dudgeon v United Kingdom is decided by the European Court of Human Rights, which rules that the continued existence of laws in Northern Ireland criminalising consensual gay sex is in contravention of the European Convention on Human Rights.
  • 23 October – The Liberal-SDP Alliance tops a MORI poll on 40%, putting them ahead of Labour on 31% and the Conservatives on 27%.[51]
  • 24 October – CND anti-nuclear march in London attracts over 250,000 people.[52]
  • 26 October – Rock band Queen release their Greatest Hits compilation album; it becomes the all-time best-selling album in the United Kingdom.[53][54]
  • 30 October – Nicholas Reed, chief of the Euthanasia charity Exit, is jailed for two-and-a-half years for aiding and abetting suicides.[55]

November
  • 1 November – British Leyland's 58,000-strong workforce begins a strike over pay.
  • 2 November – The TV licence increases in price from £34 to £46 for a colour TV, and £12 to £15 for black and white.
  • 13 November – The Queen opens the final phase of the Telford Shopping Centre, nearly a decade after development began on the first phase of what is now one of the largest indoor shopping centres in Europe in the Shropshire new town.[56]
  • 16 November – Production of the Vauxhall Astra commences in Britain at the Ellesmere Port plant in Cheshire. The Astra was launched two years ago but until now has been produced solely at the Opel plant in West Germany.
  • 18 November – The England national football team beats Hungary 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to qualify for the World Cup in Spain next summer, with the only goal being scored by Ipswich Town striker Paul Mariner It is the first time they have qualified for the tournament since 1970.[57]
  • 23 November – 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak, the largest recorded tornado outbreak in European history.[58]
  • 25 November – A report into the Brixton Riots, which scarred inner-city London earlier this year, points the finger of blame at the social and economic problems which have been plaguing Brixton and many other inner-city areas across England.
  • 26 November – Shirley Williams wins the Crosby by-election for the SDP, overturning a Conservative majority of nearly 20,000 votes.

December
  • 8 December
    • Severe snow storms hit the UK as temperatures plummet to the lowest in any December on record since 1874 and the heaviest snow falls since 1878. The snow storms continue in waves until 26/27 December.[59][60]
    • Arthur Scargill becomes leader of the National Union of Mineworkers.[2]
  • 9 December – Michael Heseltine announces a £95 million aid package for the inner cities.
  • 11 December – Seer Green rail crash: a train crash in Seer Green near Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire kills four people and seriously injures five others. A combination of the severe blizzards and human error is attributed to the crash.
  • 12 December – The first case of AIDS in the UK is diagnosed.[61]
  • 19 December – An opinion poll shows that Margaret Thatcher is now the most unpopular postwar British prime minister and that the SDP-Liberal Alliance has the support of up to 50% of the electorate.
  • 20 December – Penlee lifeboat disaster: The crew of the MV Union Star and the life-boat Solomon Browne sent to rescue them are all killed in heavy seas off Cornwall; some of the bodies are never found.[62]

Undated
  • Inflation has fallen to 11.9%, the second lowest annual level since 1973, but has been largely achieved by the mass closure of heavy industry facilities that have contributed to the highest postwar levels of unemployment.[63]
  • In spite of the continuing rise in employment, the British economy improves from 4% contraction last year to 0.8% overall growth this year.
  • First Urban Development Corporations set up in London Docklands and Merseyside.
  • First purpose-built Hindu temple in the British Isles formally opens in Slough.[64]
  • The London department store Whiteleys closes, after 107 years in business.
  • Last manufacture of coal gas, at Millport, Isle of Cumbrae.[65]
  • Perrier Comedy Awards first presented to the best shows on the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
  • Suzuki, the Japanese manufacturer famous for producing motorcycles, imports passenger cars to the United Kingdom for the first time. The first model sold in Britain is the entry-level Alto,[66] with the SJ four-wheel drive set to go on sale in 1982.[67]
  • In spite of the continued rise in unemployment, the British economy improved with 1.8% overall growth for the year compared to 3% overall contraction in 1980.
  • New car sales in the United Kingdom fall to just over 1.4 million. The Ford Cortina enjoys its 10th year as Britain's best selling car since 1967, while the new front-wheel drive Ford Escort is close behind in second place. British Leyland's new Metro is Britain's fourth most popular new car with nearly 100,000 sales. The Datsun Cherry, eighth in the sales charts, is the most popular foreign car in Britain this year.

Publications

Births

Deaths

See also

References
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