ZAP70 deficiency

ZAP70 deficiency, or ZAP70 deficient SCID,[1] is a rare autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) resulting in a lack of CD8+ T cells.[2] People with this disease lack the capability to fight infections, and it is fatal if untreated.

ZAP70 deficiency
ZAP70 deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

It is cause by a mutation in the ZAP70 gene.

Presentation

Children with this condition typically present with infections and skin rashes.[3] Unlike many forms of SCID, absolute lymphocyte count is normal and thymus is present.

Cause

ZAP70 deficiency SCID is caused by a mutation is the ZAP70 gene, which is involved in the development of T cells.[3]

Diagnosis

It is characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cells and the presence of circulating CD4+ T cells which are unresponsive to T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimuli.[4] Diagnosis is usually made within the first six months of life. Genetic testing is required.[3]

Treatment

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only known cure for ZAP70 deficient SCID.[5]

Epidemiology

ZAP70 deficiency SCID is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 50,000 people. Fewer than fifty people with this condition have been identified.[3]

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References
  1. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 176947
  2. Otsu M, Steinberg M, Ferrand C, et al. (2002). "Reconstitution of lymphoid development and function in ZAP-70-deficient mice following gene transfer into bone marrow cells". Blood. 100 (4): 1248–56. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-01-0247. PMID 12149205.
  3. Reference, Genetics Home. "ZAP70-related severe combined immunodeficiency". Genetics Home Reference.
  4. ZAP-70 Deficiency at Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Professional Edition
  5. "UpToDate". www.uptodate.com.

further reading
Classification
External resources
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