Yujiulü Mugulü

Yujiulü Mugulü ( Chinese: 郁久閭木骨閭; pinyin: Yùjiǔlǘ Mùgǔlǘ) was the first ruler of the Rourans.[2] He was mentioned in Chinese sources: Book of Wei and History of the Northern Dynasties. After his death, his is succeeded by his son Yujiulü Cheluhui.

Yujiulü Mugulü
Chinese	郁久閭木骨閭
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Yùjiǔlǘ Mùgǔlǘ

Yujiulü Mugulü 郁久閭木骨閭
Tribal chief
Map representing rourans well to the north, located at the epicenter of the eastern steppe, in comparison to other states in its vicinity, with its area of influence extremely west and east, bordering the northern Wei state (北魏), appearing under the bluish color.
Reign	4th Century
Coronation	330 [1], Guangluzi Canyon
Predecessor	There is no, title created
Successor	Yujiulü Cheluhui
Born	3rd century, before 277
Died	4th century
Issue	Yujiulü Cheluhui
Full name Yùjiǔlǘ Mùgǔlǘ ()
House	Yujiulü Clan
Father	Unknown
Mother	Unknown
Religion	tengrism
Occupation	Xianbei soldier, Xianbei slave (former)

Biography

Xianbei belt buckles from the 3rd or 4th century

Youth and slavery of the Xianbei

According to Chinese sources, Yùjiǔlǘ Mùgǔlǘ was a slave of unknown origin. According to the history of the state of Tuoba Wei, he was captured and enslaved during the reign of chief Liwei (220-277) of the Tuoba clan.

The name of Mugulü

He was called Mùgǔlǘ which meant bald or naked in the Xianbei language due to his appearances. This was reconstructed as Mukhuli (Mongolian: "round, smooth") by Japanese researcher K. Shiratori.[3] "Mùgǔlǘ" (木骨閭) and "Yùjiǔlǘ" (郁久閭) were names of similar sound, note that they have the same final particle lǘ (閭), so their descendants were called that. and thus the Yùjiǔlǘ clan emerged.[4][5]

The Gobi Desert

Mùgǔlǘ's "delay" and his escape through the Gobi

After reaching adulthood, he was released, became a warrior in the Xianbei cavalry under the leadership of Ilu (308-316), and, for failing to carry out an (delayed) order, he was sentenced to death by beheading the delay in responding to your call. He escaped through the Gobi Desert to the mountains, in Guangluzi Canyon.[6] There he grouped 100 fugitives and joined the tribe (later known as Ruru in his son's reign). Later, he had a son named Yujiulü Cheluhui, who succeeded him as soon as he passed away.[7]

Foundation of the Rouran tribe and legacy

Because his son Yujiulü Cheluhui was a warrior hero, strong and brave, he enlisted and became a soldier. This period appears to be around 330. His descendants multiplied and founded the Yùjiǔlǘ dynasty, later, his descendant Yujiulü Shelun, turns his tribe into a vast nomadic empire[8], which lasted until 555 and was conquered by the Gokturks.

When Cheluhui assumes the throne, he reunites the tribe, which decided to be called "Ruru", a new nation was to come. The Yujiulü family began to have a group of people, self-commanding and self-proclaimed Rouran.

Death and succession

After Mugulü's death, his warrior hero son, Cheluhui, became courageous, and his government was marked by nomadism and peace.[9]

Appearances

He had a shaved head with a mane, his hair reaching his eyebrows.[10]

Gallery

• 
  The Sixteen Chinese kingdoms approximately four years before the proclamation of Mugulü as tribal chief of the rourans
• 
  The Sixteen Chinese Kingdoms, approximately eight years after the founding of the tribe of rourans. The Xianbei state of the Tuoba clan is represented as "Dai", a predecessor state to Former Qin, (前秦)
• 
  The Xianbei of the 3rd century, note that the Tuoba are very close
• 
  Map representing the region of Mongolia, 330-555 AD, next to the rourans that ruled it, and the Tuoba, very close

Rourans during the early 5th century

See also

• Yujiulü Shelun
• Yujiulü Anagui
• Yujiulü Dengshuzi

Bibliography

sources

• 『魏書』（列伝第九十一 蠕蠕）
• 『北史』（列伝第八十六 蠕蠕）
• 『魏書』（列伝第九十一 蠕蠕）
• 『北史』（列伝第八十六 蠕蠕)

• 内田吟風、田村実造他訳注『騎馬民族史１ 正史北狄伝』（平凡社東洋文庫、1971年）
• 内田吟風『北アジア史研究　匈奴篇』（同朋舎〈東洋史研究叢刊〉、1975年、ISBN 481040627X）

• 《魏书·蠕蠕传》
• 《北史·蠕蠕传》

Monograph

• 内田吟風、田村実造他訳注『騎馬民族史１ 正史北狄伝』 平凡社東洋文庫, 1971.

References

1. Yıldırım 2013, p. 35.
2. Grousset (1970), pp. 61, 585, n. 91.
3. 白鳥庫吉 1910; 内田吟風 1971: 218.
4. https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Y%C3%B9ji%C7%94l%C7%98_M%C3%B9g%C7%94l%C7%98#O_nome_de_M%C3%B9g%C7%94l%C7%98
5. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%AA%A8%E9%97%BE
6. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B9
7. Bozan 1962, p. 225. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBozan1962 (help)
8. 《魏书·蠕蠕传》
9. 《魏书·蠕蠕传》
10. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B9

Yujiulü Mugulü Yujiulü clan Born: 3rd century, before 277 Died: 4th century
Regnal titles
Preceded by None, title created	Tribal chief of rourans 330–?	Succeeded by Yujiulü Cheluhui