PSA XUD engine

The PSA XUD is a diesel engine designed and built by PSA - Peugeot and Citroën. It is an Indirect injection (IDI) engine, that uses a version of the Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ricardo Comet V prechamber cylinder head design.[1] The engine comes in 1.8 L (1,769 cc), 1.9 L (1,905 cc), and 2.1-liter displacments. The 2.1 has 12 valves, all displacements were built either naturally aspirated or turbocharged. The XUD was the predecessor to the HDI range of engines. Early HDi Engines were a PSA design, later 16-valve engines were jointly developed with Ford.

For the related gasoline variant, see PSA XU engine.
XUD engine
XUD9 in a Citroën BX TRD
Overview
ManufacturerPSA
Production1982–2001
Layout
ConfigurationInline-4
Displacement1.8 L (1,769 cc)
1.9 L (1,905 cc)
2.1 L (2,088 cc)
2.1 L (2,138 cc)
Cylinder bore80 mm (3.15 in)
83 mm (3.27 in)
85 mm (3.35 in)
86 mm (3.39 in)
Piston stroke88 mm (3.46 in)
92 mm (3.62 in)
ValvetrainSOHC 2 valves x cyl. or 3 valves x cyl.
Combustion
TurbochargerWith intercooler (some versions)
Fuel systemIndirect injection
ManagementLucas, Bosch
Fuel typeDiesel
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power output60–110 PS (44–81 kW; 59–108 hp)
Dimensions
Dry weight157 kg (346 lb)
Emissions
Emissions control technologyCatalytic converter

Design

The XUD was available with either SOHC 8-valve or 12-valve heads. It was mainly applied transversally in front wheel drive vehicles, tilted by 30°. However, some applications in non-PSA vehicles had the engine installed longitudinally, with rear-wheel drive. The XUD is built in Citroën's plant in Trémery, near Metz.[1]

Displacement ranges between 1.8 and 2.1 L (1,769 and 2,138 cc), and all XU diesel engines have a stroke of either 88 or 92 mm (3.46 or 3.62 in). The former was shared with the XU9. Bore sizes range from 80 to 86 mm (3.15 to 3.39 in), some of which are shared with other XU engines.

Upon its release the engine was noted as one of the best diesel engines (for cars and light vans) in the world with its high power output and refinement it made all other diesel engines seem agricultural.[1] It was also particularly light, with a ready-to-run XUD9 weighing 157 kg (346 lb), 15% less than a comparable diesel of the previous generation.[1]

Vegetable oil fuel

The engine, because it is indirect injection, with a slower combustion burn time than direct injection, is suitable to run on SVO (pure vegetable oil). A feature of the Ricardo Comet pre-chamber design is that it makes the engine tolerant of low Cetane value fuels such as SVO.[2] The viscosity of vegetable oil when cold is too great for rotary injection pumps, (in particular the weaker Lucas CAV pump, the Bosch VE fuel pump is superior), preventing it from acting as a lubricant and increasing the workload on the distributor/rotary injection pump and damaging it. The Lucas EPIC pump fitted to the 2.1 L 12 valve turbo-diesel engine after 1995 is the weakest pump of all.[3]

XUD7

The XUD7 has a displacement of 1.8 L (1,769 cc), with a bore and a stroke of 80 mm × 88 mm (3.15 in × 3.46 in). Output is 60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp) for the naturally aspirated version or 78 PS (57 kW; 77 hp) for the turbocharged model. An intercooled turbocharged version was introduced later, with 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) on tap. All are Diesel engines.

Model Output Notes Model of car
XUD7 T/K78 PS (57 kW; 77 hp)Turbo
XUD7 TE90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp)Turbo with intercoolerCitroen BX TRD/TZD TURBO, Peugeot 405 Turbo, ROVER 200 MK2 TD
XUD7/K60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp)Citroën C15D/BX RD, Peugeot 205
XUD7/Zcatalyst

XUD9
XUD9A engine in FSO Polonez Caro

The XUD9 has a displacement of 1.9 L (1,905 cc), with a bore and a stroke of 83 mm × 88 mm (3.27 in × 3.46 in). Both turbocharged and naturally aspirated versions were produced. Most turbocharged versions feature an intercooler, although a limited number of installations in the Citroën Xantia featured a Turbocharger without intercooler. Both engines also featured either a Bosch or a Lucas mechanical fuel pump and injectors. The engine version with the Bosch pump is known to have been run with vegetable oil. The original XUD9 engine is known as the "square port" engine, as its cylinder head has square exhaust ports. Later (and noticeably improved) XUD9A engines have oval ports.

PSA Group was licensed a modified version of XUD9 engine to Hyundai for the European specification of Lantra.

Model Output Notes Model of car
XUD965 PS (48 kW; 64 hp)DieselCitroën BX, Peugeot 205 Export, Peugeot 309, Talbot Horizon, Talbot 1510 (Finland only)
XUD9 A71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp)ROVER 200 MK2 D
Citroën Berlingo
FSO Polonez
Citroën BX
Lada Niva
XUD9 TE/L92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp)Diesel turbo with intercoolerCitroën ZX
Citroën Xsara
Citroën Jumpy
Peugeot 306
Peugeot 405
Peugeot Expert
XUD9 SD63 PS (46 kW; 62 hp)Diesel turbo catalystSuzuki Samurai
XUD9 SD75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp)Citroën Xantia
Suzuki Baleno
Lada Niva
XUD9 TE/Y90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp)Diesel turbo with intercooler catalystPeugeot 406
Citroën Xantia
XUD9/Z68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp)Diesel catalystHyundai Lantra

XUD11

The XUD11 was available in two displacements:

  • 2.1 L (2,138 cc) — XUD11 A naturally aspirated
  • 2.1 L (2,088 cc) — XUD11 ATE/BTE turbocharged

Both were 12-valve SOHC engines with a 92 mm (3.62 in) stroke. The naturally aspirated XUD11 A was bored to 86 mm (3.39 in) for a total displacement of 2.1 L (2,138 cc), while the turbocharged ATE/BTE versions were reduced in bore to 85 mm (3.35 in) for a total of 2.1 L (2,088 cc).

Model Output Notes Model of car
XUD11 A83 PS (61 kW; 82 hp)Diesel 12-valve SOHCCitroën XM, Peugeot 605
XUD11 ATE110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp)Diesel 12-valve SOHC turboCitroën XM
XUD11 BTEDiesel 12-valve SOHC turbo catalystPeugeot 406, Peugeot 605, Citroën Xantia

Vehicles

The engine has been installed into the following vehicles:-

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References
  1. Pirotte, Marcel (1984-04-19). "Citroën BX 19 TRD". Le Moniteur de l'Automobile (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Editions Auto-Magazine. 35 (793): 21–23.
  2. http://www.autospeed.com/cms/A_112999/article.html?popularArticle Diesel Cetane Ratings. Describing how diesel burns. Nick Sauer
  3. http://www.dieselbob.co.uk/goodbad.aspx
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