Wanjiwalku

The Wanjiwalku were an indigenous Australian people of the state of New South Wales.

Language

Norman Tindale, who had worked intensely with his informant George Dutton on the Wanjiwalku language, argued that, though separate tribes, both the Wanjiwalku and their western neighbours, the Malyangapa, spoke the same dialect.[1] Later studies by Luise Hercus and Peter Austin have determined that Wanjiwalku was a dialect of Paakantyi, while Malyangapa was morphological almost identical to the language spoken by the Yardliyawara, and to be classified as a member of the Yarli dialect cluster.[2]

Map of Wanjiwalku Lands.

Country

The Wanjiwalku were estimated by Tindale to have had around 8,000 square miles (21,000 km2) of tribal land extending from the vicinity of Milparinka to White Cliffs, and running east from close to Mount Arrowsmith as far as the area near Tongo Lake. Their lands took in Yancannia and the area east of Lake Bancannia.[1]

Edward Micklethwaite Curr describing the tough environment of Wanjiwalku lands wrote that the earliest white explorer Charles Sturt almost expired there:-

The country of the Pono forms a portion of the interior traversed by Captain Sturt in 1845 and described in such dismal colours as destined to be for ever uninhabitable by civilized people. It was here that, living in an underground room as a protection against the intense heat, his nails ceased to grow; the hairs of his head split at the end; Lucifer matches dropped, from the hand, light of themselves on reaching the ground, and so on; and yet this country has been found for several years to make good sheep-runs.[3]

Alternative names
  • Weyneubulkoo
  • Wonipalku
  • Wanyabalku
  • Wonjimalku
  • Pono
  • Pernowie, Pernowrie
  • Kongait
  • Tongaranka[1]

Some words
  • chukeroo(kangaroo)
  • koonai. (tame dog)
  • thirita. (wild dog)
  • kooma. (father)
  • ngumma. (mother)
  • birre-birre.' (whiteman)[4]
gollark: It did break lots, sure, but unless TJ09 manages to have gone against all sanity advice regarding database use, `-` at the start should not be a problem.
gollark: If it did, TJ09 has done it utterly, *utterly* wrong.
gollark: Weird And Arbitrary Rules, #90062.
gollark: Must just be some weird prohibition against starting names with `-`.
gollark: I'm pretty sure it's *not*.

See also

Notes

    Citations
    1. Tindale 1974, p. 200.
    2. Austin & Hercus 2004, pp. 213,217.
    3. Crozier 1886, p. 153.
    4. Crozier 1886, p. 154.

    Sources
    • Austin, Peter; Hercus, Luise (2004). "The Yarli Languages". In Bowern, Claire; Koch, Harold (eds.). Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 207–222. ISBN 978-9-027-29511-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Bolle, Kees W.; Harman, William P. (July–September 1992). "The Sacred Marriage of a Hindu Goddess". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 112 (3): 512. doi:10.2307/603106. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 603106.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Bonney, Frederic (1884). "On Some Customs of the Aborigines of the River Darling, New South Wales". Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 13: 122–137. doi:10.2307/2841717. JSTOR 2841717.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Crozier, H (1886). "Evelyn Creek" (PDF). In Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.). The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent. Volume 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 152–155.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Daniélou, Alain (2003). A brief history of India. Rochester. VT: Inner Traditions. ISBN 978-1594777943. OCLC 778372064.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Davey, Melissa (13 October 2016). "Australian rock formation could be older than Stonehenge, researchers say". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 May 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Fagan, Brian M. (2016). World Prehistory. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1317342441. OCLC 946106069.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Howitt, Alfred William (1904). The native tribes of south-east Australia (PDF). Macmillan.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • MacDonald, Anna (15 January 2013). "Research shows ancient Indian migration to Australia". ABC News. Retrieved 4 May 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Mathews, R. H. (1898b). "Group divisions and initiation ceremonies of the Barkungee tribes". Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 32: 241–255.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Mathews, R. H. (January 1898a). "Initiation Ceremonies of Australian Tribes". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 37 (157): 54–73. JSTOR 983694.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Morris, Lulu (19 May 2017). "Four Thousand Years Ago Indians Landed in Australia". National Geographic. Retrieved 5 May 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Morton, A. W. (1886). "Near the North-west corner of New South Wales" (PDF). In Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.). The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent. Volume 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 158–161.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • "Mycenaean Greece: Linear B". Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
    • Newland, Simpson (1887–1888). "Parkengees, or aboriginal tribes on the Darling River" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australian Branch. 2: 20–32.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Newland, Simpson (1926). Memoirs of Simpson Newland. Adelaide: F.W. Preech and Sons.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Padma, Sree (23 March 2011). "Neither Sinhala nor Tamil-On Being a South Asian in Sri Lanka". The Sri Lanka Reader. Duke University Press. pp. 680–686. doi:10.1215/9780822394051-093. ISBN 978-0822394051.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Shrikumar, A. (29 April 2016). "Sailing in search of history". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 5 May 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Spieth Weissenbacher, Christiane; Gribenski, Jean (2001). Daniélou, Alain. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07176.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Wanjiwalku (NSW)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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