Wallace Reid

William Wallace Halleck Reid (April 15, 1891 – January 18, 1923) [1] was an American actor in silent film, referred to as "the screen's most perfect lover".[2] He also had a brief career as a racing driver.

Wallace Reid
Reid in 1920
Born	William Wallace Halleck Reid (1891-04-15)April 15, 1891 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Died	January 18, 1923(1923-01-18) (aged 31) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Cause of death	Complications from morphine addiction
Other names	Wally Reid
Occupation	Actor, singer, race car driver
Years active	1910–1922
Spouse(s)	Dorothy Davenport ​ ( m. 1913; his death 1923)
Children	2, including Wallace Reid Jr.
Parent(s)	Hal Reid Bertha Westbrook

Early life

Reid was born in St. Louis, Missouri, into a showbusiness family. His mother, Bertha Westbrook (1868–1939), was an actress, and his father, James Halleck "Hal" Reid (1862–1920), worked successfully in a variety of theatrical jobs, mainly as playwright and actor, traveling the country. As a boy Wallace Reid was performing on stage at an early age, but acting was put on hold while he obtained an education at Freehold Military School in Freehold Township, New Jersey. He later graduated from Perkiomen Seminary in Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1909. A gifted all-around athlete, Reid participated in a number of sports while also following an interest in music, learning to play the piano, banjo, drums, and violin. As a teenager, he spent time in Wyoming, where he learned to be an outdoorsman.

Career

Reid was drawn to the burgeoning motion picture industry by his father, who shifted from the theatre to writing films, directing them, and acting in them. In 1910, Reid appeared in his first film, The Phoenix, an adaptation of a Milton Nobles play, filmed at Selig Polyscope Studios in Chicago. Reid used the script from a play his father had written and approached the very successful Vitagraph Studios, hoping to be given the opportunity to direct. Instead, Vitagraph executives capitalized on his sex appeal, and in addition to having him direct, cast him in a major role. Although Reid's good looks and powerful physique made him the perfect "matinée idol", he was equally happy with roles behind the scenes and often worked as a writer, cameraman, and director.

Wallace Reid appeared in several films with his father, and as his career in film flourished, he was soon acting and directing with and for early film mogul Allan Dwan. In 1913, while at Universal Pictures, Reid met and married actress Dorothy Davenport (1895–1977). He was featured as Phil Stoneman in The Birth of a Nation (1915) and The Rhapsode in Intolerance (1916), both directed by D. W. Griffith, and starred opposite leading ladies such as Florence Turner, Gloria Swanson, Lillian Gish, Elsie Ferguson, and Geraldine Farrar en route to becoming one of Hollywood's major heartthrobs.

Already involved with the creation of more than 100 motion picture shorts, Reid was signed by producer Jesse L. Lasky and starred in over 60 films for Lasky's Famous Players film company, which later became Paramount Pictures. Frequently paired with actress Ann Little, his action-hero role as the dashing race-car driver drew young girls and older women alike to theaters to see his daredevil auto thrillers such as The Roaring Road (1919), Double Speed (1920), Excuse My Dust (1920), and Too Much Speed (1921). One of his auto-racing films, Across the Continent (1922), was chosen as the opening night film for San Francisco's Castro Theatre, which opened on 22 June 1922.

Reid loved racing so much that he even made an (unsuccessful) attempt to qualify for the 1922 Indianapolis 500.[3]

Death

The urn of Wallace Reid, in the Great Mausoleum, Forest Lawn, Glendale

While en route to a location in Oregon during filming of The Valley of the Giants (1919), Reid was injured in a train wreck near Arcata, California and needed six stitches to close a three-inch scalp wound.[4] To keep on filming, he was prescribed morphine for relief of his pain. Reid soon became addicted, but kept on working at a frantic pace in films that were growing more physically demanding and changing from 15–20 minutes in duration to as much as an hour. Reid's morphine addiction worsened at a time when drug rehabilitation programs were nonexistent, and he died in a sanitarium while attempting recovery.[5]

Wallace Reid was interred in the Azalea Terrace of the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

Aftermath

His widow, Dorothy Davenport (billed as Mrs. Wallace Reid), co-produced and appeared in Human Wreckage (1923), making a national tour with the film to publicize the dangers of drug addiction. She and Reid had two children: a son, Wallace Reid Jr., born in 1917; and a daughter, Betty Mummert, whom they adopted in 1922 as a three-year-old; allegedly Reid had fathered her during an affair.[6] Reid's widow never remarried.

Wallace Reid's contribution to the motion picture industry has been recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Popular culture

Reid's name is mentioned by William Holden in Sunset Boulevard, a film in which Gloria Swanson, one of Reid's original co-stars, appears as a forgotten silent film star. In Ken Russell's 1977 film Valentino, Reid is portrayed briefly and inaccurately as a bicycle-riding childish movie star and is made up to look like a cross between the character he played in Clarence, Harold Lloyd, and the comic actors Jimmie Adams and Churchill Ross. In the 1980 documentary Hollywood episode "Single Beds and Double Standards", Reid's story is recalled by those silent film survivors who worked with him: Gloria Swanson, Karl Brown, Henry Hathaway, and stuntman Bob Rose.

In 2007, a biography Wallace Reid: Life and Death of a Hollywood Idol by author E. J. Fleming appeared, the first since his mother's personal recollections after Reid's death.

In 2018, a biography of Reid was the subject of Karina Longworth's Podcast "You Must Remember This".

Filmography

(see Wallace Reid filmography)

References

Reid was a favorite of movie-goers. The original caption of this image from Picture-Play Magazine reads, "The only reason why they don’t let Wally play in dress-suit roles all the time is that the casualties among the ladies would soon empty the picture houses. In fact, we feel that we’re toying with the fan hearts even to print this picture.".[7]..A reversed version image was also used as a lithograph for the lobby poster of Reid's film The Dub.

Notes

1. Fleming, E.J. (February 8, 2007). Wallace Reid: The Life And Death of a Hollywood Idol. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0786428151.
2. "Girls I Have Made Love To". Motion Picture Magazine. The Motion Picture Publishing Co. September 1919. p. 33.
3. "Wallace Reid".
4. "Reid Company in Wreck". Moving Picture World. 39 (9): 1474. March 1, 1919. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
5. Troping the body: gender, etiquette, and performance By Gwendolyn Audrey Foster. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 108
6. "Wallace Reid".
7. (1918). "Favorite Picture Players" Picture-Play Magazine

Bibliography

• The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era by David W. Menefee. Albany: Bear Manor Media, 2007.
• Col. Selig’s Stories of Movie Life – Wallace Reid. Screenland. Chicago: Screenland Publishing Company, April 1923.
• The Autobiography of Cecil B. DeMille by Cecil B. DeMille. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1959.
• I Blow My Own Horn by Jesse L. Lasky. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1957.
• Two Reels and a Crank by Albert E. Smith. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1952.
• Griffith: The Birth of a Nation Part 1 by Seymour Stern. New York: Film Culture, 1965.
• Swanson on Swanson by Gloria Swanson. New York: Random House, 1980.
• "Wallace Reid Dies in Fight on Drugs" — in The New York Times, January 19, 1923.
• "Wally, the Genial" by Maude S. Cheatham, in Motion Picture magazine. New York: Brewster Publications, Inc., October 1920.

External links

• Wallace Reid on IMDb
• Wallace Reid at Find a Grave
• Literature on Wallace Reid
• portrait of Reid's mother, Berthabelle Westbrook
• Wallace Reid(kino tv)