Waldemar Pawlak

gen. bryg.Waldemar Pawlak [valˈdɛmar ˈpavlak] (listen) (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he served as Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. Pawlak is the only person who held the office of Prime Minister twice during the Third Republic (i.e. since 1989), and he remains Poland's youngest Prime Minister to date.

Brigadier General Waldemar Pawlak
4th & 6th Prime Minister of Poland
In office 26 October 1993 – 6 March 1995
President	Lech Wałęsa
Deputy	Aleksander Łuczak Marek Borowski Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
Preceded by	Hanna Suchocka
Succeeded by	Józef Oleksy
In office 5 June 1992 – 10 July 1992 Caretaker
President	Lech Wałęsa
Preceded by	Jan Olszewski
Succeeded by	Hanna Suchocka
Deputy Prime Minister of Poland
In office 16 November 2007 – 27 November 2012
President	Lech Kaczyński Bronisław Komorowski (Acting) Bogdan Borusewicz (Acting) Grzegorz Schetyna (Acting) Bronisław Komorowski
Prime Minister	Donald Tusk
Preceded by	Zyta Gilowska Przemysław Gosiewski
Succeeded by	Janusz Piechociński
Minister of Economy
In office 16 November 2007 – 27 November 2012
President	Lech Kaczyński Bronisław Komorowski (Acting) Bogdan Borusewicz (Acting) Grzegorz Schetyna (Acting) Bronisław Komorowski
Prime Minister	Donald Tusk
Deputy	Adam Szejnfeld
Preceded by	Piotr Woźniak
Succeeded by	Janusz Piechociński
Leader of the Polish People's Party (PSL)
In office 29 January 2005 – 17 November 2012
Preceded by	Janusz Wojciechowski
Succeeded by	Janusz Piechociński
In office 29 June 1991 – 11 October 1997
Preceded by	Roman Bartoszcze
Succeeded by	Jarosław Kalinowski
Member of the Sejm
In office 18 June 1989 – 11 November 2015
Constituency	16 – Płock
Personal details
Born	(1959-09-05) 5 September 1959 Radom, Poland
Political party	Polish People's Party
Spouse(s)	Elżbieta Pawlak
Profession	Mechanician, farmer, teacher
Awards

Deputy Prime Minister W. Pawlak at the World Economic Forum on Europe and Central Asia in Istanbul 2008

He is also a long-time commander of the Polish Volunteer fire department, holding the rank of Brigadier General. Since 2015 Pawlak is workstream leader for the AMU (Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine), where he contributes his expertise in economy.[1]

Early life, education and early political career

Pawlak was born in the village of Model, Masovian Voivodeship on 5 September 1959.[2] He is a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. While he was a student and during martial law in 1981 he actively participated in strikes.

After graduation (1984) he became a computer teacher in Kamionka (near Pacyna). His political career began in 1985, when he joined the United People's Party. After 1990, like many UPP members, he joined the UPP's successor, the Polish People's Party. He was elected from UPP office to the Contract Sejm (1989) and has remained a member of Sejm since then. He became leader (Prezes) of the UPP in 1991.

Premiership of Waldemar Pawlak

First Premiership

Main article: First Cabinet of Waldemar Pawlak

On 5 June 1992, 00:00 AM, after a vote of no confidence was approved, with 273 in favour and 119 against, Jan Olszewski was forced to resign as Prime Minister and his cabinet was immediately replaced in an event known as the nightshift ("Nocna zmiana"). After Olszewski's dismissal, President Lech Wałęsa designated the little-known and inexperienced Pawlak as caretaker Prime Minister with the mission, to form a new coalition government with agrarians, Christian democrats and liberals. Pawlak's potential partners, the Democratic Union and the Confederation of Independent Poland were not ready to agree on a compromise programme. The fact was that Pawlak and nobody else was called upon to form a new government that was nevertheless a remarkable phenomenon. According to Aleksander Kwaśniewski, it was a 'historical step' towards a 'normalization' of Polish political and party life.

After 33 days as a caretaker, Pawlak failed to gain support from the Sejm majority and failed in a vote of confidence. Pawlak was forced to resign as Prime Minister and the President replaced him with Hanna Suchocka, who won support from the majority and successfully formed a coalition with the Democratic Union, Christian National Union, Liberal Democratic Congress, Peasants' Agreement, People's Christian Party, Party of Christian Democrats and Polish Beer-Lovers' Party. Pawlak's failure paved the way for another political coalition.

Since Pawlak's first cabinet did not receive support from the Sejm, at this time, Pawlak had no official ministers, only temporary chiefs of executive branches. His first cabinet was the briefest government during this period that lasted only 33 days, this was a notable period commonly known as Pawlak's 33 days (33 dni Pawlaka). Although Pawlak failed to form a government, he gained considerable respect from his 33 days in office. Pawlak was a counterweight to politicians who focused on the issue of lustration, and the backstage of these events was later described by Kult in the song "Mr. Waldek, Don't Be Afraid, or the Lefty June" ("Panie Waldku, Pan się nie boi, czyli Lewy czerwcowy"), which referred to the fall of Jan Olszewski's cabinet.

Second Premiership

Further information: 1993 Polish parliamentary election

The Polish People's Party and the social democratic, post-communist Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) won the 1993 election in a landslide, holding a super-majority and the support of the socialist-agrarian government, with Pawlak as Prime Minister again.

Józef Oleksy of the SLD became Sejm Marshal, while SLD leader Aleksander Kwaśniewski remained a Sejm Member without portfolio.

Prime Minister Pawlak and Kwaśniewski soon found themselves at bitter political odds. Kwaśniewski reportedly had an ambition to become "Prime Minister de facto", while Pawlak wanted to retain the power of his office. Both leaders used their parties to fight for power.[3]

Pawlak was initially in an informal alliance with President Wałęsa against the SLD. However, their good political relations soon dissipated.[3]

In 1995, Pawlak offered three options to Kwaśniewski. First, he would remain Prime Minister but with Kwaśniewski as Deputy and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Second, the Democratic Left Alliance would form a government with Kwaśniewski as Prime Minister. Third, Oleksy would become Prime Minister under the present coalition. Pawlak reportedly thought that Kwaśniewski would not risk a minority Democratic Left Alliance government without the support of the majority of the elevation of his main partisan opponent, Oleksy, to Prime Minister and therefore rather be the deputy of Pawlak. However, Kwaśniewski surprised many by choosing the third option.[3]

Among the Prime Ministers of the Third Polish Republic, Pawlak was distinguished by his reticent and aversion to journalists; the opposition and the media accused Pawlak of his lack of dynamism and terrible information policy. There was wide coverage among others, his words to the TVP journalist "hello away". Pawlak later explained to the press he just spoke kindly, and journalists made an affair of it. During his tenure as Prime Minister, he became famous for replacing his Volvo 780 limousine with an FSO Polonez Caro, equipped with a Rover V8 engine, to show his support and interest to the automotive industry in Poland. This gesture was well-received by Poles at a time when the country was in terrible poverty.

In the political wilderness

Further information: 1995 Polish presidential election

Further information: 1997 Polish parliamentary election

Despite good public approval ratings Pawlak failed in his bid for the Presidency in 1995, finishing a distant fifth (after Kwaśniewski, Wałęsa, Jacek Kuroń and Jan Olszewski) and winning only 770,417 votes (4.31%).

After losing the political battle with Kwaśniewski and, after that, the presidential election, there was a movement to replace Pawlak with Jarosław Kalinowski as party leader in 1997.[4]

PSL suffered a great political disaster during the 1997 parliamentary elections and became the smallest party in the Sejm (from 132 seats in 1993 to just 27).

After the SLD won decisively in the 2001 parliamentary election Kalinowski became deputy of the new Prime Minister Leszek Miller when the PSL joined the coalition. Pawlak did not play a major role during this period.

Comeback

Further information: First Cabinet of Donald Tusk and Second Cabinet of Donald Tusk

Pawlak's comeback began in 2005 when he became PSL leader again.

In the liberal Civic Platform (PO)-PSL government, formed after the 2007 parliamentary election, Pawlak became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy under Prime Minister Donald Tusk.

Although PSL remained the smallest party represented in the Sejm, Pawlak is often cited as having achieved a major political victory. During his time in the party chair his party enjoyed better electoral results, the elimination of major competition among agrarian voters from the also agrarian dominated party (Samoobrona), and the resumption of major influence in rural areas. Additionally, PSL was put in charge of three cabinet posts in the Tusk government. (Without the PSL votes, the PO would not have a Sejm majority, even though it easily accounts for the biggest political group in the sitting parliament.)[4]

On 21 April 2010, PSL announced that Pawlak would be the party's official candidate for the 2010 presidential election. He received only 1.75% of the vote and didn't get into the second round.

Personal life

Pawlak is married and has children.[4]

Second Waldemar Pawlak cabinet

Members of Pawlak's cabinet:

• Prime Minister: Waldemar Pawlak (PSL)
• Deputy PM and Minister of Finance: Marek Borowski (SLD)
• Deputy PM and Minister of Justice: Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz (SLD)
• Deputy PM and Minister of Education: Aleksander Łuczak (PSL)
• Minister of Construction: Barbara Blida (SLD)
• Minister of Culture: Kazimierz Dejmek (PSL)
• Minister of Property Conversion: Wiesław Kaczmarek (SLD)
• Minister of Defense: Piotr Kołodziejczyk
• Minister of Transport: Bogusław Liberadzki (SLD)
• Minister of Interior: Andrzej Milczanowski
• Minister of Labor: Leszek Miller (SLD)
• Minister of Foreign Affairs: Andrzej Olechowski
• Director of the CUP (Central Planning Office): Mirosław Pietrewicz (PSL)
• Minister of Economic Cooperation with Foreign Business: Lesław Podkański (PSL)
• Minister of Industry and Trade: Marek Pol (UP)
• Director of the URM (the Cabinet Office): Michał Strąk (PSL)
• Minister of Agriculture: Andrzej Śmietanko (PSL)
• Minister of Communications: Andrzej Zieliński (PSL)
• Minister of Environment Preservation: Andrzej Żelichowski (SLD)
• Minister of Health: Ryszard Żochowski (SLD)
• President of the Committee for Scientific Research: Witold Karczewski

References

1. http://www.wallstreet-online.de/nachricht/7637922-amu-team-starts-programme-work
2. Matraszek, Marek (November 2011). "Composition of the new government after the 2011 parliamentary elections in the Republic of Poland" (PDF). CEC. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
3. Agnieszka Chruścińska, Kwaśniewski jestem, 1995
4. People of the Year, Polityka, 27 December 2007

Political offices
Preceded by Jan Olszewski	Prime Minister of Poland 1992	Succeeded by Hanna Suchocka
Preceded by Hanna Suchocka	Prime Minister of Poland 1993–1995	Succeeded by Józef Oleksy
Preceded by Zyta Gilowska	Deputy Prime Minister of Poland with Grzegorz Schetyna (2007–2009) 2007–2012	Succeeded by Janusz Piechociński
Preceded by Przemysław Gosiewski
Preceded by Piotr Woźniak	Minister of Economy 2007–2012	Succeeded by Janusz Piechociński
Party political offices
Preceded by Roman Bartoszcze	Leader of the Polish People's Party 1991–1997	Succeeded by Jarosław Kalinowski
Preceded by Roman Bartoszcze	Polish People's Party nominee for President of Poland 1995	Succeeded by Jarosław Kalinowski
Preceded by Janusz Wojciechowski	Leader of the Polish People's Party 2005–2012	Succeeded by Janusz Piechociński
Preceded by Jarosław Kalinowski	Polish People's Party nominee for President of Poland 2010	Succeeded by Adam Jarubas