Leon Kozłowski

Leon Tadeusz Kozłowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈlɛɔn kɔˈzwɔfskʲi] (listen); 6 June 1892 – 11 May 1944) was a Polish archaeologist, freemason and politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1934 to 1935, before being convicted and sentenced to death for Treason during World War II.

Leon Kozłowski
Leon Kozłowski
25th Prime Minister of Poland
24th Prime Minister of the Second Republic of Poland
In office
15 May 1934 – 28 March 1935
PresidentIgnacy Mościcki
Preceded byJanusz Jędrzejewicz
Succeeded byWalery Sławek
Personal details
Born
Leon Tadeusz Kozłowski

(1892-06-06)6 June 1892
Rembieszyce, Congress Poland
Died11 May 1944(1944-05-11) (aged 51)
Berlin, German Reich
Resting placePowązki Cemetery
NationalityPolish
Political partyNon-partisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government
ProfessionArchaeologist

Biography

Leon Kozłowski was born in 1892 in the village of Rembieszyce near Małogoszcz. Prior to 1914 he moved with his family to Lwów in Galicia (now Lviv, Ukraine), where he joined the local university. He also joined the Riflemen Union and Association of Progressive Youth. After the outbreak of the Great War he joined Józef Piłsudski's Polish Legions, where he served in the 1st Uhlans Regiment. After the Oath Crisis of 1917 he joined the Polish Military Organization and organized the cadres of the future Polish Army.

When Poland regained her independence in 1918, Kozłowski volunteered for the Polish Army and served with distinction during the Polish-Bolshevik War. Afterwards he was demobilized and returned to Lwów, where he completed his studies at the University of Jan Kazimierz. In 1921 he became a professor there and the head of the Faculty of Pre-history. He held that post between 1921 and 1931 and then again between 1935 and 1939. He was also active in various social and political organizations, including the Society for the Repair of the Republic. As such, following a military coup in 1928 he got involved in the BBWR movement and the same year he was elected to the Sejm. He held the post of a Member of Parliament until 1935, when he was chosen to the Senate of Poland.

During his political career he held various posts in several governments led by the Sanacja movement. He was responsible for the establishment of the concentration camp at Bereza Kartuska. Between 1930 and 1935 he was the minister of agrarian reforms. At the same time, between 1932 and 1933 he was a sub-secretary of state in the Ministry of Treasury. Finally, on 15 May 1934, Kozłowski became the Prime Minister of Poland. He held that post until 28 March 1935, when he was replaced by Walery Sławek. On the insistence of Piłsudski, all of the ministers of Kozłowski's government were included in the new government. After death of Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudski, Kozłowski remained an active politician for some time. He was seen as a representative of the leftist part of the Sanacja movement and a supporter of Walery Sławek. However, the latter lost the race to Piłsudski's heritage and Kozłowski returned to Lwów, where he reassumed his posts at the University. In 1937 he also briefly got involved in the Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego movement, but without much success.

After the Polish Defensive War of 1939 and the outbreak of the World War II, Leon Kozłowski remained in Lwów, where he was arrested by the NKVD. He spent almost two years in various Soviet prisons, and finally was sentenced to death for "anti-Soviet behaviour". However, after the Sikorski–Mayski agreement of 1941 he was released and travelled to Buzuluk, where he tried joined up with the Polish Army formed there by general Władysław Anders. Due to his political past, he was refused. He then left the military camp and started his 1000-mile long trip westwards, accompanied by one officer, intending to join the Germans. He crossed the Soviet-German frontline, for which he was sentenced to death by a Polish court.

German authorities sent him on to Berlin. Whilst there he took part in talks with the Nazi authorities, which saw him as a possible collaborationist, and an ally in winning the Poles over to the German cause. It is certain however, that in 1943 he was sent to the site of the Katyn Massacre as one of the experts brought to the site by the German authorities. He also cooperated with German propaganda in their ideological fight with the Soviets.

Interned in Berlin, Leon Kozłowski was wounded in one of Allied air raids on the German capital. He died of his wounds on 11 May 1944.

gollark: My favourite esolang is probably Haskell.
gollark: I agree.
gollark: I prefer the set dictionaries.
gollark: ``` A language based on the idea of communism. There would be only one great editor (a wiki or similar) and all programmers would write only one big program that does everything. There would be only one datatype that fits everything, so everything belongs to one single class. Functional programming is clearly based on the idea of communism. It elevates functions (things that do the work) to first class citizens, and it is a utopian endeavor aimed at abolishing all states. It is seen as inefficient and unpopular, but always has die-hard defenders, mostly in academia. Besides, ML stands for Marxism-Leninism. Coincidence? I think not. It should be called Soviet Script and the one big program can be called the Universal Soviet Script Repository or USSR for short. And they put all the packages together in one place (Hackage). It already exists and is called 'Web'. It already exists and is called 'Emacs'. Emacs is the one great editor, and the one big program (Emacs can do almost anything). The language is Emacs Lisp, which is functional, and almost everything is a list (the one great datatype/class). Unfortunately```
gollark: It's pronounced Piephoon, by the way.

References
    Government offices
    Preceded by
    Janusz Jędrzejewicz    		 Prime Minister of Poland
    1934–1935    		 Succeeded by
    Walery Sławek
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.