Vigna

Vigna is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.[1] It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules.

For the surname, see Vigna (surname).

Vigna
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Phaseoleae
Subtribe: Phaseolinae
Genus: Vigna
Savi
Subgenera
  • Ceratotropis
  • Haydonia
  • Lasiospron
  • Plectrotropis
  • Vigna
Synonyms
  • Azukia Takah. ex Ohwi
  • Condylostylis Piper
  • Dolichovigna Hayata
  • Haydonia R. Wilczek
  • Liebrechtsia De Wild.
  • Plectrotropis Schumach.
  • Scytalis E. Mey.
  • Voandzeia Thouars

Vigna is also commonly confused with the genus Dolichos, but the two differ in stigma structure.[2]

Vigna are herbs or occasionally subshrubs. The leaves are pinnate, divided into 3 leaflets. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shape containing seeds.[3]

Familiar food species include the adzuki bean (V. angularis), the black gram (V. mungo), the cowpea (V. unguiculata, including the variety known as the black-eyed pea), and the mung bean (V. radiata). Each of these may be used as a whole bean, a bean paste, or as bean sprouts.

The genus is named after Domenico Vigna, a seventeenth-century Italian botanist and director of the Orto botanico di Pisa.[4]

Uses

Root tubers of Vigna species have traditionally been used as food for Aborigines of the Northern Territory.[5]

Selected species
Vigna luteola
Vigna marina

The genus Vigna contains at least 90 species,[1][3][6] including:

Subgenus Ceratotropis

  • Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal—moth bean, mat bean, Turkish gram
  • Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—adzuki bean, red bean
    • Vigna angularis var. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
    • Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
  • Vigna glabrescens Maréchal et al.
  • Vigna grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted
  • Vigna hirtella Ridley
  • Vigna minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
  • Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper—black gram, black lentil, white lentil, urd-bean, urad bean
    • Vigna mungo var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul
  • Vigna nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
  • Vigna nepalensis Tateishi & Maxted
  • Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek—mung bean, green gram, golden gram, mash bean, green soy, celera-bean, Jerusalem-pea
    • Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) Wilczek
    • Vigna radiata var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc.
  • Vigna reflexopilosa Hayata—Creole-bean
    • Vigna reflexopilosa var. reflexopilosa Hayata
    • Vigna reflexopilosa var. glabra Tomooka & Maxted
  • Vigna riukiuensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
  • Vigna stipulacea Kuntze
  • Vigna subramaniana (Babu ex Raizada) M. Sharma
  • Vigna tenuicaulis N. Tomooka & Maxted
  • Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.—jungle mat bean, jungli-bean, African gram, three-lobe-leaved cowpea
  • Vigna trinervia (Heyne ex Wall.) Tateishi & Maxted
  • Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—ricebean, red bean, climbing mountain-bean, mambi bean, Oriental-bean

Subgenus Haydonia

  • Vigna monophylla Taub.
  • Vigna nigritia Hook. f.
  • Vigna schimperi Baker
  • Vigna triphylla (R. Wilczek) Verdc.

Subgenus Lasiospron

  • Vigna diffusa (Scott-Elliot) A. Delgado & Verdc.
  • Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc.
  • Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.
  • Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.
  • Vigna schottii (Bentham) A. Delgado & Verdc.
  • Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) A. Delgado
  • Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.—zombi pea, wild cowpea

Subgenus Vigna

  • Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Bak.
  • Vigna angivensis Baker
  • Vigna filicaulis Hepper
  • Vigna friesiorum Harms
  • Vigna gazensis Baker f.
  • Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer—Sarawak-bean
  • Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.—Dalrymple vigna
  • Vigna membranacea A. Rich.
    • Vigna membranacea subsp. caesia (Chiov.) Verdc.
    • Vigna membranacea subsp. membranacea A. Rich.
  • Vigna monantha Thulin
  • Vigna racemosa (G. Don) Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.—Bambara groundnut, Congo goober, hog-peanut, jugo bean, njugumawe (Swahili) (sometimes separated in Voandzeia)
  • Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.—cowpea, crowder pea, Southern pea, Reeve's-pea, snake-bean
    • Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica—catjang
    • Vigna unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana—wild cowpea, African cowpea, Ethiopian cowpea
    • Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis—yardlong bean, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, Chinese long bean, pea-bean
    • Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata—black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean

Incertae Sedis

  • Vigna comosa
  • Vigna dalzelliana
  • Vigna debilis Fourc.
  • Vigna decipiens
  • Vigna dinteri Harms
  • Vigna dolichoides Baker in Hooker f.
  • Vigna frutescens
  • Vigna gracilis
  • Vigna kirkii
  • Vigna lanceolata—pencil yam, Maloga-bean, parsnip-bean, merne arlatyeye (Arrernte)
  • Vigna lobata (Willd.) Endl.
  • Vigna lobatifolia
  • Vigna marina (Burm.f.) Merr.—dune-bean, notched cowpea, sea-bean, mohihihi, nanea (Hawaiian)
  • Vigna multiflora
  • Vigna nervosa
  • Vigna oblongifolia
  • Vigna owahuensis Vogel—Oahu cowpea
  • Vigna parkeri—creeping vigna
  • Vigna pilosa
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References
  1. Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012). Section Ceratotropis of subgenus Ceratotropis of Vigna (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new species from northern Western Ghats. Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Rheedea 22(1), 20-27.
  2. Charles Vancouver Piper (1912). Agricultural Varieties of the Cowpea and Immediately Related Species. Bulletin (United States. Bureau of Plant Industry). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7.
  3. Vigna. Flora of China.
  4. Charters, M. Plant Names T-Z. The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants.
  5. NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online: Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae. Retrieved 10 June 2018
  6. Delgado-Salinas A, Thulin M, Pasquet R, Weeden N, Lavin M (2011). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: the names and identities of the American segregate genera". Am J Bot. 98 (10): 1694–715. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100069. PMID 21980163.
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