United States Poet Laureate

The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress—commonly referred to as the United States Poet Laureate—serves as the official poet of the United States. During their term, the Poet Laureate seeks to raise the national consciousness to a greater appreciation of the reading and writing of poetry. The position was modeled on the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom. Begun in 1937, and formerly known as the Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, the present title was devised and authorized by an Act of Congress in 1985. The Poet Laureate's office is administered by the Center for the Book. For children's poets, the Poetry Foundation awards the Young People's Poet Laureate.[1]

For Poets Laureate of individual states, see List of U.S. states' Poets Laureate.

The incumbent Poet Laureate (since 2019) is Joy Harjo.

Overview

The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry is appointed annually by the Librarian of the United States Congress and serves from October to May. In making the appointment, the Librarian consults with current and former laureates and other distinguished personalities in the field.

Currently, the laureate receives a $35,000 annual stipend, endowed by a gift from Archer M. Huntington. On October 3, 1985, the U.S. Congress passed legislation authored by Senator Spark M. Matsunaga of Hawaii changing the title of the position to Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry.[2] The Library minimizes assigned duties, to allow incumbents to pursue their own projects while at the Library. The laureate presents an annual lecture and reading of his or her poetry and usually introduces poets at the Library's poetry series, the oldest in the Washington area and among the oldest in the United States. This annual series of public poetry and fiction readings, lectures, symposia, and occasional dramatic performances began in the 1940s. Collectively the laureates have brought more than 2,000 poets and authors to the Library to read for the Archive of Recorded Poetry and Literature.

Each consultant has brought a different emphasis to the position. Maxine Kumin started a popular series of poetry workshops for women at the Library of Congress. Gwendolyn Brooks met with elementary school students to encourage them to write poetry. Joseph Brodsky initiated the idea of providing poetry in airports, supermarkets, and hotel rooms. Rita Dove, considered the first activist poet laureate, brought together writers to explore the African diaspora through the eyes of its artists, championed children's poetry and jazz with poetry events and read at the White House during Bill Clinton's first state dinner. Robert Hass organized a watershed conference that brought together popular novelists, poets, and storytellers to talk about writing, nature, and community, and co-founded the River of Words K–12 international children's poetry and art contest.[3] Robert Pinsky initiated the Favorite Poem Project. Billy Collins's "Poetry 180" project distributed a poem to all high schools for every day of the school year. These poems were also collected and published in two anthologies.

Lists of appointees

Consultants in Poetry

Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

1937–1941: Joseph Auslander 1943–1944: Allen Tate 1944–1945: Robert Penn Warren 1945–1946: Louise Bogan 1946–1947: Karl Shapiro 1947–1948: Robert Lowell 1948–1949: Léonie Adams 1949–1950: Elizabeth Bishop 1950–1952: Conrad Aiken 1952: William Carlos Williams

1956–1958: Randall Jarrell 1958–1959: Robert Frost 1959–1961: Richard Eberhart 1961–1963: Louis Untermeyer 1963–1964: Howard Nemerov 1964–1965: Reed Whittemore 1965–1966: Stephen Spender 1966–1968: James Dickey 1968–1970: William Jay Smith 1970–1971: William Stafford

1971–1973: Josephine Jacobsen 1973–1974: Daniel Hoffman 1974–1976: Stanley Kunitz 1976–1978: Robert Hayden 1978–1980: William Meredith 1981–1982: Maxine Kumin 1982–1984: Anthony Hecht 1984–1985: Reed Whittemore (interim) 1984–1985: Robert Fitzgerald 1985–1986: Gwendolyn Brooks

Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry

Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

1986–1987: Robert Penn Warren 1987–1988: Richard Wilbur 1988–1990: Howard Nemerov 1990–1991: Mark Strand 1991–1992: Joseph Brodsky 1992–1993: Mona Van Duyn 1993–1995: Rita Dove 1995–1997: Robert Hass 1997–2000: Robert Pinsky

2000–2001: Stanley Kunitz 2001–2003: Billy Collins 2003–2004: Louise Glück 2004–2006: Ted Kooser 2006–2007: Donald Hall 2007–2008: Charles Simic 2008–2010: Kay Ryan 2010–2011: W. S. Merwin

2011–2012: Philip Levine 2012–2014: Natasha Trethewey 2014–2015: Charles Wright 2015–2017: Juan Felipe Herrera 2017–2019: Tracy K. Smith 2019–Present: Joy Harjo

Special Consultants in Poetry

1999–2000 (for Library of Congress' 200th Anniversary) Rita Dove, Louise Glück, and W. S. Merwin

See also

• American poetry
• List of poetry awards
• List of literary awards
• List of years in poetry
• List of years in literature

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress.

1. Paige Bentley-Flannery (May 26, 2017). "Young People's Poet Laureate". Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). Retrieved October 30, 2018.
2. McGuire, William (1988). Poetry's Catbird Seat: The Consultantship in Poetry in the English language at the Library of Congress, 1937–1987 (Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.). ISBN 0-8444-0586-8.
3. "River of Words". Saint Mary's College. Retrieved September 13, 2012.

• "About the Position of Poet Laureate". Library of Congress. 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
• "Poet Laureate Timeline: 1953 – 1960". Library of Congress. 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-19.

External links

• "What Do Poets Laureate Do?" Library of Congress blog post
• Poetry webpage at the Library of Congress
• Map: US Poets Laureate / Consultants in Poetry (location at time of appointment)
• Readings by U.S. Poets Laureate at the Key West Literary Seminar: Richard Wilbur (2003) (1993); Charles Simic (2003); Billy Collins (2003)