USS Champlin (DD-104)

USS Champlin (DD-104) was a Wickes-class destroyer built for the United States Navy during World War I.

History
United States
Namesake: Stephen Champlin
Builder: Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California
Laid down: 31 October 1917
Launched: 7 April 1918
Commissioned: 11 November 1918
Decommissioned: 7 June 1922
Stricken: 19 May 1936
Fate: Sunk in tests 12 April 1936
General characteristics
Class and type: Wickes-class destroyer
Displacement:
  • 1,202–1,208 long tons (1,221–1,227 t) (standard)
  • 1,295–1,322 long tons (1,316–1,343 t) (deep load)
Length: 314 ft 4 in (95.8 m)
Beam: 30 ft 11 in (9.42 m)
Draught: 9 ft 10 in (3.0 m)
Installed power:
Propulsion: 2 shafts, 2 steam turbines
Speed: 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) (design)
Range: 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) (design)
Complement: 6 officers, 108 enlisted men
Armament:

Description

The Wickes class was an improved and faster version of the preceding Caldwell-class. Two different designs were prepared to the same specification that mainly differed in the turbines and boilers used. The ships built to the Bethlehem Steel design, built in the Fore River and Union Iron Works shipyards, mostly used Yarrow boilers that deteriorated badly during service and were mostly scrapped during the 1930s.[1] The ships displaced 1,202–1,208 long tons (1,221–1,227 t) at standard load and 1,295–1,322 long tons (1,316–1,343 t) at deep load. They had an overall length of 314 feet 4 inches (95.8 m), a beam of 30 feet 11 inches (9.4 m) and a draught of 9 feet 10 inches (3.0 m). They had a crew of 6 officers and 108 enlisted men.[2]

Performance differed radically between the ships of the class, often due to poor workmanship. The Wickes class was powered by two steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) intended to reach a speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). The ships carried 225 long tons (229 t) of fuel oil which was intended gave them a range of 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).[3]

The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two 1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. In many ships a shortage of 1-pounders caused them to be replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) guns.[1] They also carried a pair of depth charge rails. A "Y-gun" depth charge thrower was added to many ships.[4]

Construction and career

Champlin, named in honor of Stephen Champlin, was launched 7 April 1918 by Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California; sponsored by Miss G. H. Rolph; and commissioned 11 November 1918, Lieutenant Commander F. M. Knox in command.

Champlin arrived at Newport, Rhode Island, 12 December 1918 for duty with the Atlantic Fleet. After training operations in the Caribbean, she cleared New York City 19 November 1919 for San Diego, California. Arriving 24 December 1919, she went into reserve with the Pacific Fleet the same day, and cruised on training assignments with a reduced complement until decommissioned 7 June 1922. Laid up at San Diego until her assignment for use in experiments on 19 May 1933, Champlin was sunk in tests 12 August 1936.

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See also

Notes
  1. Gardiner & Gray, p. 124
  2. Friedman, pp. 401–03
  3. Friedman, pp. 39–42, 401–03
  4. Friedman, p. 45

References
  • Friedman, Norman (1982). U.S. Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-733-X.
  • Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
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