Tropical Storm Norman (2012)

Tropical Storm Norman was the fourteenth tropical cyclone of the 2012 Pacific hurricane season that brought minor flooding to western Mexico and record rainfall to areas of Texas in September 2012. Originating from a disturbance near the southern tip of Baja California, it soon moves north and developed into a tropical cyclone on September 28. Upon developing into one, Norman attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). Heading northward into the Gulf of California, the storm began to weaken later that day due to southwesterly wind shear and land interaction. Norman curved northwestward and weakened to a tropical depression early on September 29. Around that time, it briefly moved inland near Topolobampo, Sinaloa, before re-emerging into the Gulf of California. Later on September 29, Norman degenerated into a remnant low pressure area.

Tropical Storm Norman
Tropical storm (SSHWS/NWS)
Tropical Storm Norman approaching Sinaloa on September 28, with the remnant low of Hurricane Miriam to its west
FormedSeptember 28, 2012
DissipatedSeptember 30, 2012[1]
(Remnant low after September 29)
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 50 mph (85 km/h)
Lowest pressure997 mbar (hPa); 29.44 inHg
Fatalities1 total
DamageMinimal
Areas affectedWestern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Northwestern Mexico, Texas
Part of the 2012 Pacific hurricane season

In anticipation of the storm, a tropical storm warning was issued for a portion of the Pacific coast of Mexico. Additionally, orange, yellow, green, and blue alerts were posted for several states. About 553 shelters were opened, though only 65 people sought refuge in them. Heavy rainfall from Norman was reported in Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Baja California Sur, Durango, and Zacatecas. In Baja California Sur, mudslides and flooding left roads impassable, mainly in the La Paz area. Flooding in Sinola left streets inundated and about 150 families fled their homes. About 24 cars in the area were swept away. The remnants of Norman brought record rainfall totals to some areas of Texas. Local flooding occurred, with a few roads inundated in Wimberley. A woman died after her vehicle was swept off the road.

Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on September 12. The wave moved westward across the Atlantic basin with minimal deep convection. By September 23, it reached the eastern Pacific Ocean and began increasing in shower and thunderstorm activity over the next few days. While located near Acapulco another burst in convection occurred on September 25, likely due to interaction with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).[1] Around that time, the National Hurricane Center began Tropical Weather Outlooks (TWOs) on the system,[2] which is information issued every six hours on significant areas of disturbed weather and their potential for development out to 48 hours.[3] The tropical wave split on September 26, with the northern portion moving northwestward near the southwestern coast of Mexico. By September 27, the system had organized deep convection and was producing tropical storm force winds, but data from scatterometers indicated that it lacked a closed circulation.[1] Although TWOs issued on September 27 predicted a high probability for development,[4] the chances for tropical cyclogenesis was decreased later that day, due to the system's close proximity to land.[5]

On September 28, satellite data and ships' observations indicated a closed circulation.[6] Thus, Tropical Storm Norman developed at 0600 UTC, while located about 115 mi (185 km) southeast of Cabo San Lucas.[1] Initially, the storm was expected to intensify slightly before making landfall on September 29 and then dissipate on the following day.[6] However, upon developing into a tropical cyclone at 1200 UTC on September 28, Norman attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). Thereafter, Norman began heading northward between a mid-to upper-level low to its west and a mid-level ridge over the Gulf of Mexico. Later on September 28, the storm entered the Gulf of California and began weakening due to a significant increase in wind shear and interaction with land.[1] Around that time, the cloud pattern became less organized and convection was being displaced from the circulation.[7] Early on September 29, the storm curved northwestward and was downgraded to a tropical depression due to difficulty in locating the center of circulation and significant disorganization.[8] Norman made landfall near Topolobampo with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) at 0500 UTC on September 29. Shortly thereafter, the storm re-curved west-northwestward and re-emerged into the Gulf of California. Norman degenerated into a remnant low pressure area at 1200 UTC on September 29. The remnant low moved slowly west-southwestward, before dissipating over Baja California Sur near Loreto on September 30.[1]

Preparations and impact
Remnant moisture associated with Norman over the United States on September 30

The Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning along the Pacific coast of Mexico from La Cruz, Sinaloa to Huatabampo at 1500 UTC on September 28. Early on the following day, the tropical storm warning was discontinued.[1] An orange alert" (high risk) was issued for parts of the state of Sinaloa, and a yellow alert was in effect for Baja California Sur, and green alert was declared for southern Sonora. A "blue alert", minimum risk, was issued for north-central Sonora, Durango, Chihuahua and Zacatecas.[9] Officials deployed 400 soldiers in the cities of La Paz and Los Cabos. According to the state director of Civil Protection, Carlos Enriquez Rincon, 500 schools were available to operate as temporary shelters. The shelters have a capacity of around 30,000 people, though only 65 people spent the first night of the storm in shelters. Furthermore, a total of 5,000 food packages were sent to residents.[10] In the mainland, authorities in the municipality of Culiacán opened 53 shelters, with a total capacity of over 7,000.[11] In addition, classes were suspended in 5 states.[12]

Tropical Storm Norman brought extremely heavy rains to Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Baja California Sur, Durango, and Zacatecas.[1] The ports of Cabo San Lucas and San Jose del Cabo were closed for boats and water activities. In the former, 15–20 ft (4.6–6.1 m) waves were recorded.[13] Due to mudslides and wash flooding[14] over 24 cars were swept away in La Paz.[15] In Sinaloa, the rains caused by Norman did not represent an important contribution to the 11 dams in the state, with mean water levels rising from 42.5% to 42.6%.[16] Eight fisherman were rescued near the port of Mazatlan when their boat tipped over.[9] Five fisherman were initially reported missing; however, following the passage of the storm, the missing people were later found alive.[17][18] Street flooding was also reported.[19] A total of 150 families were evacuated in two fishing villages along the mainland.[15] Following the storm, a state of emergency was declared for the municipalities of Los Cabos, Angostura, and Navolato.[20]

The remnants of Norman brought record rains to Texas.[21][22] A peak rainfall total of 8.4 in (210 mm) fell on La Pryor. At Camp Mabry in Austin, 1.38 inches (35 mm) of rain fell in a 24‑hour period, breaking a daily precipitation record set in 1985. However, across the central portion of the state, rainfall from the system was less than expected. A few roads in Wimberley were temporarily closed due to flooding.[23] One woman was killed in Nacogdoches County after her car was swept off a roadway.[24] A tornado warning was also issued in the Corpus Christi area.[23]

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See also

References
  1. John P. Cangialosi (December 11, 2012). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Norman (PDF). National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 1–3. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  2. Daniel P. Brown (September 25, 2012). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  3. NHC Tropical Cyclone Text Product Descriptions. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 3, 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  4. David P. Roberts (September 27, 2012). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  5. Robbie J. Berg (September 27, 2012). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  6. Michael J. Brennan and David P. Roberts (September 28, 2012). Tropical Storm Norman Discussion Number 1. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  7. Michael J. Brennan and David P. Roberts (September 28, 2012). Tropical Storm Norman Discussion Number 2. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  8. Robbie J. Berg and Lixion A. Avila (September 29, 2012). Tropical Depression Norman Discussion Number 3. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  9. "Tormenta tropical "Norman" se forma frente a costas de México". Prensalibre (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico. September 28, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  10. "Activan Plan DN3 en BCS por tormenta Norman". El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico. September 28, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  11. EFE (September 28, 2012). "Norman se degrada a depresión tropical". El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
  12. Gladys Rodrígue (September 28, 2012). "Alertan peligrosidad de tormenta tropical Norman". El Universal (in Spanish). La Paz, Baja California Sur. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
  13. Giusttav (September 28, 2012). "Tormenta tropical Norman: a 100 km. de Los Cabos". noticabos.org (in Spanish). Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  14. Gladys Rodríguez Navarro (September 28, 2012). "Colonias en BCS, incomunicadas por Norman". El Universal (in Spanish). La Paz, Baja California Sur. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  15. "Sinaloa: desalojan a 150 familias por "Norman"". El Universal (in Spanish). September 29, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  16. ""Norman" deja de ser una amenaza: SMN". El Universal (in Spanish). September 30, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  17. Javier Cabrera Martinez (September 29, 2012). "Se extravian 5 pescadores tras paso de Norman". El Universal (in Spanish). Culiacán, Sinola. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  18. Correspondents (September 30, 2012). ""Norman" deja de ser una amenaza: SMN". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  19. Yovana Gaxiola (September 28, 2012). "Tormenta Norman causa inundaciones en Mazatlán". El Universal (in Spanish). Mazatlán, Sinola. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  20. "Segob declara emergencia en BCS y Sinaloa". El Universal (in Spanish). October 11, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  21. Todd Hill (October 1, 2012). "Under the Weather: Should we worry about Norman?". Mansfield News Journal. Archived from the original on December 8, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  22. Jeff Masters (September 29, 2012). "Jelawat hits Okinawa; TS Norman feeds heavy rains in Texas". Weather Underground. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  23. Steven Kreytak (September 30, 2012). "Saturday brings less rain than expected to Central Texas". American-Statesman Staff. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  24. Brett Collar (September 30, 2012). "Nacogdoches Co. woman dies during early morning flood". KTRE. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
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