Tropical Storm Lingling (2014)

Tropical Storm Lingling, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Agaton,[nb 1] was a weak but deadly tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines in January 2014. The first named storm of the annual typhoon season, this early-season cyclone remained very disorganized throughout its lifespan.[1] Lingling was the first major natural disaster in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, as it caused widespread landslide incidents and floods in Mindanao, resulting in 70 deaths and damage amounting to over 566 million pesos on the island.[2]

This article is about the 2014 tropical cyclone. For other uses, see Typhoon Lingling and Tropical Storm Agaton.
Tropical Storm Lingling (Agaton)
Tropical storm (JMA scale)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Lingling off Mindanao on January 18, 2014
FormedJanuary 10, 2014
DissipatedJanuary 20, 2014
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 65 km/h (40 mph)
1-minute sustained: 55 km/h (35 mph)
Lowest pressure1002 hPa (mbar); 29.59 inHg
Fatalities70 total
Damage$12.6 million (2014 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines
Part of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season

The predecessor of Lingling formed as a tropical depression southeast of Mindanao on January 10, yet it weakened into a low-pressure area on January 12.[3][4] After crossing the island on January 13, the system redeveloped into a tropical depression off the northeast coast of Mindanao on January 15.[1] After drifting generally westward and consolidating slowly, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Lingling on January 18.[5] Without further improvements, Lingling weakened into a tropical depression on January 20 because of its sheared structure and diminishing convection.[6]

Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

On January 10, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed, about 1,800 km (1,120 mi) to the southeast of Manila, Philippines.[7][8] The JMA expected the system to develop into a tropical storm within 24 hours, despite it being located in an area of marginal conditions for further development.[7][9] Under moderate vertical wind shear, the system became highly sheared on the next day, although strong northeasterly trade wind surges and a good westward outflow enhanced by the strong easterly upper-level winds were helping to sustain the associated convection.[10] On January 12, the JMA no longer expected a tropical storm and even downgraded the tropical depression to a low-pressure area late on the same day, when convection became more disorganized.[4][11]

The low-pressure area crossed Mindanao, Philippines from the south on January 13 and emerged into the area off the northeast coast of Mindanao on the next day.[12][13] Although the JMA operationally upgraded the system back to a tropical depression on January 14, the RSMC best track data indicated that the tropical depression had not persisted until 00:00 UTC on January 15, with the poor structure under high vertical wind shear and strong northeasterly surges.[14] After the system slowly drifted west-northwestward and then southwestward, the JMA began to issue warnings on the tropical depression at noon on January 16, albeit not expecting it to intensify into a tropical storm.[15] Soon, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system, for the consolidating and slightly better defined low-level circulation center, favorable sea surface temperature, moderate vertical wind shear, as well as highly diffluent outflow.[16]

Early on January 17, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) upgraded the system from a low-pressure area to a tropical depression and assigned the local name Agaton, when the system was partially exposed with flaring deep convection along the northwestern quadrant.[17] The JMA upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm about 210 km (130 mi) east of Surigao City and named it Lingling at 00:00 UTC on January 18, shortly before the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression.[5] Lingling's central convection and the banding associated with a partially exposed low-level circulation center have become improved, when the storm started to drift southward away from a strong northeasterly surge in a weak steering environment.[18] Six hours later, the JTWC upgraded Lingling to a tropical storm, based on the scatterometer data and Dvorak estimates.[19]

However, half a day later, the JTWC downgraded Lingling to a tropical depression as its deep central convection was diminishing under the influence of moderate to strong vertical wind shear.[20] Lingling began to accelerate south-southeastward under the influence of the strong northeasterly surge flow on January 19, and was struggling to consolidate due to the marginally favorable upper-level conditions.[21] Late on the same day, the JTWC issued the final warning on Lingling, as the infrared satellite imageries depicted an exposed, weakening low-level circulation center with isolated, flaring convection sheared to the northwest. A ship observation at 15:00 UTC, 72 nautical miles (133 km; 83 mi) north-northeast of the system, reported winds at only 10 knots (20 km/h; 10 mph) with atmospheric pressure of 1,013 hPa (29.9 inHg).[22]

During January 20, the JMA reported that the system weakened into a tropical depression, before the system was last noted later that day as it dissipated to the southeast of the Philippines.[23]

Impact

Despite not making landfall on the Philippines, the system brought considerable rainfall over several days to southern Mindanao that caused six flooding and sixteen landslide incidents.[24][25] As a result, the majority of the 70 deaths caused by the system in the Philippines were caused by landslides or drowning.[24][25] Other impacts caused by Lingling (Agaton) included damage to 3,482 houses and flooding to the irrigation dams in Cateel, Davao Oriental.[25] Overall the total cost of damages was estimated at PHP567 million (US$12.6 million).[24][25]

Several towns in Davao Oriental, including Baganga, Cateel and Boston, which were ravaged by Typhoon Bopha in 2012, were isolated after bridges had been washed out in the floods from Lingling. In Surigao City, the roads were littered with uprooted trees and metal roofing blown off houses.[26] Although no deaths were reported in Eastern Samar, heavy rain and strong winds from Tropical Storm Lingling still affected the region which had been severely devastated by Typhoon Haiyan two months earlier. Hundreds of survivors of Haiyan were forced to flee after many emergency shelters were damaged by Lingling, and rice fields in several municipalities were also flooded by the storm.[27]

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See also

Notes
  1. Although most of the Asian meteorological agencies, including the Japan Meteorological Agency, recognized Lingling as a tropical storm, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) only recognized Agaton as a tropical depression.[1][2]

References
  1. "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track Name 1401 Lingling (1401)". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on February 17, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
  2. "NDRRMC Updates Sitrep No. 33 re: Effects of Tropical Depression Agaton" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. February 1, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 30, 2014. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
  3. "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 101200". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  4. "Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-01-12T18:00:00Z". WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  5. "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 180000". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on January 18, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  6. "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 200000". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  7. "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 101200". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  8. Young, Steve (February 20, 2014). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks: January 2014". Australian Severe Weather. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  9. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans January 10, 2014 18z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  10. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 110600Z-120600Z Jan 2014". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on August 25, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  11. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 120600Z-130600Z Jan 2014". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on August 25, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  12. "Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-01-13T12:00:00Z". WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  13. "Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-01-14T06:00:00Z". WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  14. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 150600Z-160600Z Jan 2014". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  15. "Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2014-01-16T12:00:00Z". WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  16. "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on August 25, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  17. "Tropical Depression "AGATON" Weather Bulletin Number ONE". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on January 17, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  18. "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 01W (One) Warning Nr 01". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  19. "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 01W (Lingling) Warning Nr 02". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  20. "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 01W (Lingling) Warning Nr 04". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  21. "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 01W (Lingling) Warning Nr 05". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on January 19, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  22. "Tropical Depression 01W (Lingling) Final Warning Nr 008". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  23. Tropical Storm Lingling (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 17, 2014. Archived from the original on February 17, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  24. PAGASA, Philippines (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 9th Integrated Workshop October 20 – 23, 2014 (Member Report). January 4, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  25. "NDRRMC Updates Sitrep No. 33 re: Effects of Tropical Depression "Agaton"" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. February 1, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 30, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  26. "Tropical depression 'Agaton' death toll now 41". Asia News Network. Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 20, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  27. Thin, Lei Win (January 28, 2014). "Thousands still lack basic services in typhoon-hit central Philippines". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
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