Tropheryma whipplei

Tropheryma whipplei, formerly called Tropheryma whippelii,[1] is a bacterium and the causative organism of Whipple's disease[2] and, rarely, of endocarditis.

Tropheryma whipplei
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Actinobacteria
Class:
Actinobacteria
Subclass:
Actinobacteridae
Order:
Actinomycetales
Family:
Cellulomonadaceae
Genus:
Tropheryma
Species:
T. whipplei
Binomial name
Tropheryma whipplei
La Scola et al. 2001

While T. whipplei is categorized with the Gram-positive Actinobacteria, the organism is commonly found to be Gram-positive or Gram-indeterminate when stained in the laboratory.[2] Whipple himself probably observed the organisms as rod-shaped structures with silver stain in his original case.[3]

History of the name

No name was given to the organism until 1991 when the name Tropheryma[4] whippelii was proposed after sections of the bacterial genome were sequenced.[5] The name was changed to Tropheryma whipplei in 2001 (correcting the spelling of Whipple's name) when the organism was deposited in bacterial collections.[2]

Pathogenesis
Main article: Whipple's disease

Genome structure

Several strains of Tropheryma whipplei have been sequenced.[6][7]

gollark: Well, most mainstream ones are *basically* the same.
gollark: But subjectively I think some are fairly bad for most serious tasks, such as C, and some are particularly awful, like most esolangs.
gollark: I don't think you can give some sort of "objective" badness criterion, or at least not one which can actually be measured practically.
gollark: Actually, the best way is f-strings.
gollark: There is something something io_uring now.

References
  1. Liang Z, La Scola B, Raoult D (January 2002). "Monoclonal antibodies to immunodominant epitope of Tropheryma whipplei". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9 (1): 156–9. doi:10.1128/CDLI.9.1.156-159.2002. PMC 119894. PMID 11777846.
  2. La Scola B, Fenollar F, Fournier PE, Altwegg M, Mallet MN, Raoult D (July 2001). "Description of Tropheryma whipplei gen. nov., sp. nov., the Whipple's disease bacillus". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51 (Pt 4): 1471–9. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-4-1471. PMID 11491348.
  3. Whipple GH. (1907). "A hitherto undescribed disease characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acids in the intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic tissues". Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull. 18: 382–91.
  4. From Greek τροφή trophê, "nourishment, food" and ἔρυμα eruma, "fence, a defence against, barrier".
  5. Relman D, Schmidt T, MacDermott R, Falkow S (1992). "Identification of the uncultured bacillus of Whipple's disease". N Engl J Med. 327 (5): 293–301. doi:10.1056/NEJM199207303270501. PMID 1377787.
  6. Raoult D, et al. (2003). "Tropheryma whipplei Twist: a human pathogenic Actinobacteria with a reduced genome". Genome Res. 13 (8): 1800–9. doi:10.1101/gr.1474603 (inactive 2020-01-22). PMC 403771. PMID 12902375. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  7. Bentley, SD.; Maiwald, M.; Murphy, LD.; Pallen, MJ.; Yeats, CA.; Dover, LG.; Norbertczak, HT.; Besra, GS.; et al. (Feb 2003). "Sequencing and analysis of the genome of the Whipple's disease bacterium Tropheryma whipplei". Lancet. 361 (9358): 637–44. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12597-4. PMID 12606174.


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