Tribune Broadcasting

Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC was an American media company which operated as a subsidiary of Tribune Media, a media conglomerate based in Chicago, Illinois. The group owned and operated television and radio stations throughout the United States, as well as full- or partial-ownership of cable television and national digital subchannel networks.

Tribune Broadcasting Company, LLC
Formerly
  • WGN Incorporated
  • (1924–1966)
  • WGN Continental Broadcasting Company
  • (1966–1981)
Subsidiary
Industry
FateAcquired by Nexstar
SuccessorNexstar Media Group
Founded1924 (1924)
DefunctSeptember 19, 2019 (2019-09-19)
Headquarters515 North State Street,
Chicago, Illinois
,
United States
Area served
United States
Key people
ParentTribune Media
DivisionsTribune Studios
Websitewww.tribunemedia.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

History
Tribune Broadcasting logo used from 1995 to August 4, 2014.

Tribune's broadcasting unit originated with the June 1924 purchase of Chicago, Illinois radio station WDAP by the Chicago Tribune. The new owners changed the station's call letters to WGN, to match the Tribune's slogan, "World's Greatest Newspaper" first used by Tribune in a February 1909 feature commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln and then served as the newspaper's motto from August 29, 1911 until December 31, 1976[2][3]. On September 13, 1946, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted Tribune license to operate a television station on channel 9 in Chicago and then signed-on a television station in Chicago, WGN-TV on April 5, 1948, initially as a dual affiliate of CBS and the DuMont Television Network.[4][5][6][7] Two months later, the Tribune's then-sibling newspaper in New York City, the Daily News, established its own television station, independent WPIX.[8] WGN-TV became an independent outlet by 1956, and would eventually morph into a pioneering national superstation on November 9, 1978, as its signal was linked to cable and satellite customers across America.

After McCormick succumbed from pneumonia-related complications on April 1, 1955, ownership of WGN-TV-AM, the Chicago Tribune and the News Syndicate Company properties would transfer to the McCormick-Patterson Trust, assigned to the Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation in the names of the non-familial heirs of McCormick (whose two marriages never produced any children) and familial heirs of Patterson. (The trust was dissolved in January 1975, with a majority of the trust's former beneficiaries, including descendants of the McCormick and Patterson families, owning stock in the restructured Tribune Company entity – which assumed oversight of all properties previously overseen by the trust – afterward.)[9][10][11][12][13] In subsequent years, the Tribune Company gradually expanded its broadcasting unit, of which WGN-TV-AM served as its flagship stations, a tie forged in January 1966, when the subsidiary (sans the WPIX television and radio stations, which continued to be controlled by the Tribune-managed News Syndicate Co. before being fully integrated into the company's main station group following its 1991 sale of the Daily News) was renamed the WGN Continental Broadcasting Company.

The group became known as the Tribune Broadcasting Company in January 1981, but retained the WGN Continental moniker as its de facto business name until 1984 and as the licensee for WGN-TV and WGN Radio thereafter. The company gained its third television and second radio station in 1960, when it purchased KDAL-TV (now KDLH) and KDAL (AM) in Duluth, Minnesota from the estate of the late Dalton LeMasurier (Tribune sold KDAL-TV in 1978 and KDAL radio in 1981); the company would later purchase KCTO (subsequently re-called KWGN-TV) in Denver from J. Elroy McCaw in 1966.[14][15][16] Tribune's later television purchases included those of WANX-TV (later renamed WGNX) in Atlanta and WGNO in New Orleans (both in 1983)[17]; KTLA in Los Angeles ( in 1985)[18] , WPHL-TV in Philadelphia (in 1992).[19] WLVI-TV in Boston (owned from 1994 to 2006);[20] KHTV (now KIAH) in Houston (in 1995);[21] KTTY (now KSWB-TV) in San Diego (in 1996);[22] KCPQ and KTWB-TV (now KZJO) in Seattle (in 1998 and 1999, respectively);[23][24] and WBDC-TV (now WDCW) in Washington, D.C. (in 1999).[25] WGN-TV and WPIX were the only stations that Tribune had owned since their inceptions. Tribune also operated several local cable television systems from 1977 to 1985.

In 1993, Tribune launched Chicagoland Television (CLTV), a regional cable news channel for the Chicago area, which originally operated separately from the company's other Chicago media properties until it merged its operations with WGN-TV's news department in 2009. In November 1994, Tribune Broadcasting formed a partnership with several minority partners, including Quincy Jones, to form Qwest Broadcasting; Qwest operated as a technically separate company from Tribune (which owned stations in a few markets where Tribune-owned stations, including WATL in Atlanta, which was operated alongside Tribune-owned WGNX);[26] Tribune would later acquire the Qwest stations outright in November 1999.[27]

In January 1995, Tribune Broadcasting became a partner in The WB Television Network, in a joint venture with the Warner Bros. Television division of Time Warner.[28] Tribune initially had a 12.5% ownership interest in the network at its launch and later increased its stake to 22%. In addition, partly as a result of a November 1993 affiliation deal with the network, most of Tribune's television properties were WB affiliates. On July 2, 1996, Tribune acquired Renaissance Broadcasting, which owned Fox- and WB-affiliated stations in several large and mid-sized markets.[29]

On January 24, 2006, Time Warner announced that it would partner with CBS Corporation to form a new network that would feature The WB and CBS-owned UPN's higher-rated shows mixed with newer series, called The CW Television Network. All but three of Tribune's 19 WB affiliates (including three that were sold off to other companies later that year) became affiliates of The CW on September 18, 2006, through ten-year agreements (the exceptions were in Philadelphia, Seattle and Atlanta, due to The CW affiliating with CBS-owned stations in those markets), though Tribune itself would not exercise an ownership stake in The CW as it did with The WB.[30]

In April 2007, Tribune's broadcasting interests were included in the sale of the entire company to Chicago investor Sam Zell, who planned take the publicly traded company private. The deal was completed on December 20, 2007.[31]

On December 21, 2007, Tribune and Oak Hill Capital Partners-controlled Local TV, LLC announced plans to collaborate in the formation of a "broadcast management company" (later named The Other Company); its Tribune Interactive division also operated the websites of its stations as part of the partnership.[32][33][34]

On December 8, 2008, Tribune announced that it would voluntarily restructure its debt obligations, as part of its filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court. As the company had sufficient funds to do so, Tribune continued to operate its newspaper publishing and broadcasting, and interactive businesses without interruption during the restructuring.[35]

On January 1, 2011, Tribune launched the digital broadcast network Antenna TV, a service that features a variety of classic television series, including programming from Sony Pictures Television and D.L. Taffner Entertainment.[36] On May 13, 2013, Tribune announced that it would buy a 50% stake in the This TV digital broadcast network from fellow Chicago-based media company Weigel Broadcasting; Tribune took over operational duties for the network on November 1, 2013.[37]

On July 1, 2013, Tribune announced that it would purchase the 19 stations owned by Local TV, LLC outright for $2.725 billion; the purchase expanded the number of Big Three network affiliates in its portfolio from one to 10 (most of Tribune's television stations prior to the purchase had either been independent stations or from 1995 onward, affiliates of networks that have launched since 1986; New Orleans station WGNO (channel 26) – an ABC affiliate – was Tribune's only station affiliated with one of the three pre-1986 networks prior to the purchase), as well as form duopolies involving stations in Denver and St. Louis where the two companies maintained local marketing agreements.[38] In order to prevent conflicts with newspaper cross-ownership restrictions (specifically, with Daily Press and The Morning Call), three stations involved in the acquisition – the Norfolk, Virginia duopoly of WTKR (channel 3) and WGNT (channel 27), and Scranton, Pennsylvania station WNEP-TV (channel 16) – were sold to Dreamcatcher Broadcasting and are operated by Tribune under shared services agreements (Tribune has an option to purchase WNEP after the publishing/broadcasting split,[39] although such a transfer may be complicated by possible FCC action on a proposal to end a "discount" in television station ownership limits that count UHF stations to half a percentage to a group's overall market reach, which would put Tribune just over the current limit of 39%, under which the company's current station holdings after the Local TV purchase would be grandfathered[40]). The Federal Communications Commission approved the acquisition on December 20,[41] and the sale was completed one week later on December 27.[42]

On February 29, 2016, Tribune Media announced that it would review various "strategic alternatives" to increase the company's value to shareholders, which include a possible sale of the entire company and/or select assets, or the formation of programming alliances or strategic partnerships with other companies, due to the decrease in its stock price since the Tribune Publishing spin-off and a $385 million revenue write-down for the 2015 fiscal year, partly due to original scripted programming expenditures for WGN America since it converted the cable network from a superstation in 2014.[43][44][45][46]

With the FCC reinstating the "UHF discount" rule, reports surfaced in late April 2017 that multiple parties were attempting to make offers for Tribune, including Sinclair Broadcast Group, Nexstar Media Group, and a partnership between 21st Century Fox and Blackstone Group.[47][48][49][50] On May 7, 2017, it was reported that Sinclair Broadcast Group was nearing a deal to purchase Tribune Media,[51][52] and that 21st Century Fox had dropped its bid for the company.[53][54]

On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group officially announced its intent to acquire Tribune Media. The transaction would have been a cash-and-stock deal valuing the company at $3.9 billion. Depending on regulatory changes or decisions, some divestitures might have been required.[55] However, on August 9, 2018, Tribune canceled the Sinclair deal.[56] On November 14, 2018, it was reported that Nexstar was a leading bidder to acquire Tribune.[57][58] On December 3, 2018, Nexstar announced its intent to merge with Tribune Media for $6.4 billion ($4.1 billion for all of Tribune's shares in cash and $2.3 billion of Tribune's debt).[59] The merge would give the company 216 stations in 118 markets, placing it just below the FCC's market cap of 39% of TV households and making it the largest owner of television stations in the United States. On August 1, 2019, the United States Department of Justice approved the deal between Nexstar Media Group and Tribune Media.[60][61] The sale was approved by the FCC on September 16,[62][63][64] and occurred on September 19.[65][66][67]

Television production and distribution

Tribune Entertainment
Main article: Tribune Entertainment

Tribune Entertainment was Tribune's television production, syndication and advertising sales subsidiary. Founded in 1981, this subsidiary produced and/or distributed several first-run syndicated programs including most notably Geraldo, Soul Train, and the U.S. Farm Report; Tribune Entertainment's production and syndication divisions were shut down in December 2007.

Tribune Studios

On March 19, 2013, Tribune Company announced its return to television production with the formation of Tribune Studios (not to be confused with the Los Angeles studio facility that formerly held the same name until its sale by Tribune to private equity firm Hudson Capital in 2008, and was subsequently renamed Sunset Bronson Studios). The new company will produce programs primarily for Tribune Broadcasting's television stations and WGN America, some of which will receive national distribution.[68]

Tribune-owned stations

Tribune Broadcasting owned 39 television stations located in 33 markets (including eight duopolies). 31 of its stations were affiliated with each of the post-1986 broadcast networks: 14 were affiliated with Fox (not counting a satellite station of KDVR), 12 with The CW and three with MyNetworkTV. In addition, the company owned five CBS affiliates (not counting a satellite of WTTV), two ABC affiliates, two NBC affiliates and one independent station. It also provided operational services to three stations (one ABC affiliate, one CBS affiliate and one CW affiliate – the latter two were also operated as part of a duopoly) in the respective markets of Norfolk-Hampton Roads-Newport News, Virginia and Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania through shared services agreements with Dreamcatcher Broadcasting.

WGN Radio was the company's sole remaining radio station and served as the flagship station for a regional distribution service known as the Tribune Radio Network.[69] Its primary features were farm reports from longtime WGN agriculture broadcasters Orion Samuelson and Max Armstrong. Tribune Radio Network formerly handled distribution of the Chicago Cubs Radio Network to its affiliates until the 2014 season, when the Cubs radio broadcasts in Chicago moved to WBBM radio in 2015, then WSCR in 2016; as a result, affiliate distribution of the Chicago Cubs Radio Network to its partner stations is now handled by Entercom. WGN also maintains a second online-only service known as WGN.FM (alternately known as "The G").

Television stations

Stations are listed alphabetically by state and city of license.

Note:

  • (**) – Indicates a station that was built and signed-on by Tribune.
  • (¤¤) – Indicates a station owned by Renaissance Broadcasting prior to its acquisition by Tribune in 1997. KDVR and WCCT (as WTXX) were divested by Renaissance years prior, only to be acquired by Tribune in future acquisitions.
  • (++) – Indicates a station owned by Local TV LLC prior to its acquisition by Tribune in 2013.
  • (‡‡) – Indicates a station owned by Dreamcatcher Broadcasting, LLC, Tribune operated these stations through Local marketing agreement.
City of license / Market Station Channel
TV (RF)		 Years owned Current ownership status
Huntsville – Decatur, AL WHNT-TV ++ 19 (19) 2013–2019 CBS affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Fort Smith – Fayetteville, AR KFSM-TV ++ 5 (18) 2013–2019 CBS affiliate owned by Tegna Inc.
KXNW ++ 34 (34) 2013–2019 MyNetworkTV affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Los Angeles KTLA 5 (31) 1985–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Sacramento – Stockton – Modesto KTXL ¤¤ 40 (40) 1997–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
San Diego KTTY/KSWB-TV 69 (19) 1996–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Denver KWGN-TV 2 (34) 1966–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
KDVR ++ 31 (32) 2013–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Fort Collins, Colorado KFCT ++
(satellite of KDVR)		 22 (21) 2013–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Hartford – New Haven WTIC-TV ¤¤ 61 (31) 1997–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Tegna Inc.
Waterbury, Connecticut WTXX/WCCT-TV 20 (20) 2001–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Tegna Inc.
Washington, D.C. WBDC/WDCW 50 (50) 1999–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Miami – Fort Lauderdale WDZL/WBZL/WSFL-TV ¤¤ 39 (19) 1997–2019 The CW affiliate owned by the E. W. Scripps Company
Atlanta WGNX 46 (19) 1983–1999 CBS affiliate, WGCL-TV, owned by Meredith Corporation
WATL 36 (25) 1999–2006 MyNetworkTV affiliate owned by Tegna Inc.
Chicago WGN-TV ** 9 (19) 1948–2019 Independent station owned by Nexstar Media Group
Moline, Illinois (Quad Cities) WQAD-TV ++ 8 (38) 2013–2019 ABC affiliate owned by Tegna Inc.
Bloomington, Indiana WTTV ¤¤ 4 (48) 2002–2019 CBS affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Indianapolis WXIN 59 (45) 1997–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Kokomo, Indiana WTTK
(satellite of WTTV)		 29 (29) 2002–2019 CBS affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Des Moines WHO-DT ++ 13 (13) 2013–2019 NBC affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
New Orleans WGNO 26 (26) 1983–2019 ABC affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
WNOL-TV 38 (15) 1999–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Cambridge – Boston, MA WLVI-TV 56 (41) 1994–2006 The CW affiliate owned by Sunbeam Television
Grand Rapids – Battle Creek –
Kalamazoo		 WXMI 17 (19) 1998–2019 Fox affiliate owned by the E. W. Scripps Company
Duluth, MN – Superior, WI KDAL-TV 3 (33) 1960–1978 The CW affiliate, KDLH, owned by Quincy Media
Kansas City, Missouri WDAF-TV ++ 4 (34) 2013–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
St. Louis KTVI ++ 2 (43) 2013–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
KPLR-TV 11 (26) 2003–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
New York City WPIX ** 11 (11) 1948–2019 The CW affiliate owned by the E. W. Scripps Company
Schenectady – Albany – Troy, NY WEWB-TV/WCWN 45 (43) 1999–2006 The CW affiliate owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group
High Point – Greensboro –
Winston-Salem		 WGHP ++ 8 (35) 2013–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Cleveland WJW ++ 8 (8) 2013–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Oklahoma City KFOR-TV ++ 4 (27) 2013–2019 NBC affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
KAUT-TV ++ 43 (40) 2013–2019 Independent station owned by Nexstar Media Group
Salem – Portland, OR KWBP/KRCW-TV 32 (33) 2003–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Philadelphia WPHL-TV 17 (17) 1992–2019 MyNetworkTV affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Scranton – Wilkes Barre WNEP-TV ++ ‡‡ 16 (50) 2013–2019 ABC affiliate owned by Tegna Inc.
York – Harrisburg –
Lancaster – Lebanon		 WPMT ¤¤ 43 (47) 1997–2019 Fox affiliate owned by Tegna Inc.
Memphis WREG-TV ++ 3 (28) 2013–2019 CBS affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Dallas – Fort Worth KDAF ¤¤ 33 (32) 1997–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Houston KHTV/KHWB/KHCW/KIAH 39 (38) 1995–2019 The CW affiliate owned by Nexstar Media Group
Salt Lake City KSTU ++ 13 (28) 2013–2019 Fox affiliate owned by the E. W. Scripps Company
Norfolk, Virginia
(Hampton Roads)		 WTKR ++ ‡‡ 3 (40) 2013–2019 CBS affiliate owned by the E. W. Scripps Company
WGNT ++ ‡‡ 27 (50) 2013–2019 The CW affiliate owned by the E. W. Scripps Company
Richmond WTVR-TV ++ 6 (25) 2013–2019 CBS affiliate owned by the E. W. Scripps Company
Tacoma – Seattle KCPQ 13 (13) 1999–2019 Fox owned-and-operated (O&O)
KTWB-TV/KMYQ/KZJO 22 (25) 1998–2019 MyNetworkTV owned-and-operated (O&O)
Milwaukee WITI ++ 6 (33) 2013–2019 Fox owned-and-operated (O&O)

Radio stations
AM Stations FM Stations
City of license/Market Station/
Frequency		 Years owned Current ownership
Sacramento KGNR 1320 1975–1996 KIFM, owned by Entercom
KCTC 96.1 1975–1996 KYMX, owned by Bonneville International
Denver KEZW 1430 1993–2002 Owned by Entercom
KKHK 99.5 1995–2002 KQMT, owned by Entercom
KOSI 101.1 1993–2002 Owned by Bonneville International
Bridgeport, Connecticut WICC 600 1967–1989 Owned by Cumulus Media
Chicago WGN 720 1924–2019 Owned by Nexstar Media Group
WFMT 98.7 1968–1970 Owned by Window to the World Communications
WGWG-LP 87.7 1 WRME-LP, owned by Venture Technologies Group 1
(Operated through a LMA by Weigel Broadcasting)
Duluth, MN – Superior, WI KDAL 610 1960–1981 Owned by Midwest Communications
New York City WPIX-FM/WQCD 101.9 1963–1997 WFAN-FM, owned by Entercom
Milwaukee WMIL-FM HD3 2009–2018 Owned by iHeartMedia2

Notes:

  • 1 WGWG-LP is owned by Venture Technologies Group, and was operated by Tribune under a local marketing agreement. Tribune was supposed to hold the LMA until 2015, the FCC's deadline for converting low-power television stations to digital broadcasting, however due to low ratings, Weigel Broadcasting announced on December 30, 2014 that they would take over the Station's LMA from Tribune & would change formats.[70] The LMA with Tribune ended on February 23, 2015 when Weigel took over the Station & changed the format to Oldies. The Callsign was also changed to WRME-LP.[71][72] Although licensed as a television station on channel 6, it is also operated as a radio station.[73]
  • 2 Owned by iHeart, and was operated by Tribune from August 2009 to December 1, 2018.[74] The Station broadcast WITI's news & weather updates & most of its local programming. The simulcast of WITI & the operations by Tribune ended on December 1, 2018, when WMIL-FM switched its HD3's subchannel format.

Other assets

Tribune Broadcasting owned WGN America, a basic cable/satellite channel that operated as a superstation feed of flagship station WGN-TV until December 2014 (one of four superstations owned by Tribune, along with remaining Tribune superstations KTLA, KWGN-TV, and WPIX).

It owned the Chicago-based regional cable news channel Chicagoland Television (CLTV); and had a 30% ownership interest in Food Network (the remaining controlling interest in that channel is held by Discovery, Inc.)

Tribune Broadcasting also owned two digital multicast networks: This TV (launched in 2008, 50%), which airs television series), and Antenna TV (100%, launched in 2010), which aired movies and children's programming.

Carriage controversies

April 2012 DirecTV dispute

At midnight ET on April 1, 2012, Tribune's carriage agreement with DirecTV ended, resulting in all 23 Tribune Broadcasting-owned stations and WGN America to be pulled from the satellite provider at midnight in the respective time zones of the markets carrying the broadcast stations. Tribune was seeking retransmission consent payments from DirecTV, which under previous carriage agreements, the company received for carriage of WGN America, but not for its local broadcast stations.[75] On April 3, 2012, DirecTV filed a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission claiming that Tribune Company representatives had negotiated in bad faith and that the company had inappropriately transferred control over its broadcast licenses to its bankruptcy creditors.[76] The dispute lasted four days, ending on April 5, 2012, when the two companies reached a new carriage agreement for the Tribune Broadcasting stations and WGN America (the stations were restored to DirecTV subscribers at 9:00 p.m. ET that evening); DirecTV's complaint to the FCC against Tribune was dropped as part of the agreement.[77]

August 2012 Cablevision dispute

At midnight Eastern Time on August 16, 2012, Tribune's carriage agreement with Cablevision expired, resulting in New York City's WPIX, Hartford's WCCT-TV and Philadelphia's WPHL-TV being pulled from Cablevision systems in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Additionally, KWGN-TV was pulled from Optimum West systems in Colorado and Wyoming (which were sold to Charter Communications in 2013).[78] Cablevision accused Tribune of demanding higher carriage fees (that Cablevision claimed totaled in the tens of millions of dollars) to be used to help pay off debt, and alleged that it illegally bundled carriage agreements for WPIX and Hartford's WTIC-TV (which was initially unaffected, unlike sister station WCCT, due to a separate carriage agreement but was later pulled from Cablevision's Connecticut systems as well), which the company denied, stating its approach complied with FCC regulations.[79] The stations and WGN America (which was also dropped due to the dispute) were restored through a new carriage agreement that was reached on October 26, following a plea by Connecticut State Senator Gayle Slossberg for the FCC to intervene in the dispute.[80]

June 2016 DISH dispute

Tribune's carriage agreement with DISH and Tribune-affiliated ABC, CBS, The CW, FOX, & NBC over-the-air stations expired on June 12, 2016.[81]

Unable to come to terms on a new distribution agreement, Tribune Media Co. said its 42 television stations and the WGN America cable channel had gone dark on satellite broadcaster Dish Network Corp.

Approximately 5 million Dish subscribers in 33 markets across 34 states and the District of Columbia lost access to local TV stations owned by Tribune late Sunday. About 7 million aren’t receiving the WGN America network.

At issue are fees Tribune is seeking for carriage of its stations and WGN America. In a statement, Dish Network said Tribune was demanding an unreasonable price increase for its local channels, which are available free with an antenna. In addition, an increase for WGN America is not warranted because the channel no longer carries Chicago Cubs games and its ratings are down in Dish homes, the satellite broadcaster said.

“Tribune is using local viewers as leverage to raise rates for WGN America—a channel that is in decline,” said Warren Schlichting, executive vice president of programming for Dish.

Dish has offered to provide free antennas to its customers so they can receive the Tribune television stations. Tribune owns or operates 42 stations in many of the nation's biggest markets including New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington, D.C. Many of its stations are affiliated with the CW Network but it also owns affiliates of CBS, ABC, NBC, and Fox.

Tribune said the deal it offered Dish was the same one it has with other pay-TV distributors. ”Dish refuses to reach an agreement based on fair-market value,” said Tribune Media spokesman Gary Weitman.

Both companies said they were willing to extend the current agreement but neither side could even agree on terms for that.

Such fights over distribution fees have become commonplace in the television industry. Tribune has been seeking increases for WGN America as part of its plan to transition the channel from one that was highly dependent on reruns and Chicago sports to a network with lots of original programming that can compete with channels such as FX and AMC."[82]

On September 3, Tribune and Dish came to a long-term agreement ending the three-month-long dispute.

January 2019 Charter Spectrum dispute

Due to a carriage dispute with Charter Spectrum, Tribune Broadcasting announced at the end of 2018 that 33 stations would go dark beginning in the new year. Although the block was scheduled to begin at midnight on January 1, 2019, negotiations extended the deadline to January 2, 2019.[83] Tribune blocked stations such as WJW, KDAF, WGNO, WTTV, KTLA, KCPQ, WPIX, WGN-TV, and WGN America. The stations returned to the system on January 11th after a nine-day blackout.

gollark: Well, shell has accursuous quoting rules.
gollark: . is fine, ! is mostly fine, spaces can be bee, ? is dangerous, ' more so, " even morererer so, anomalous Unicode particularly.
gollark: Well, I'll be at the Lunar Site.
gollark: They are some of the least fearsome of punctuation.
gollark: Surely your code can deal with *spaces*.

References
  1. http://www.tribunemedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Complaint-for-Damages-Tribune-v-Sinclair_accepted.pdf
  2. "Alterations and Corrections", Radio Service Bulletin, August 1, 1924, page 6.
  3. "'World's Greatest'--1911-1976". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Publishing. June 8, 1997. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  4. "Actions of the FCC" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. September 23, 1946. p. 73. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  5. "WGN-TV; 100,000 Saw Inaugural, 'Tribune' Estimates" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. April 12, 1948. p. 35. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  6. Larry Wolters (April 5, 1948). "WGN-TV Makes Debut Tonight with Big Show". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via TwoTonBaker.com.
  7. Robert Feder (August 8, 2012). "WGN's opening night: McCormick, a mayor and marionettes". Time Out Chicago. Time Out Media Group. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  8. "WPIX inaugural, TV station to have glittering debut." Broadcasting - Telecasting, June 14, 1948, pg. 27.
  9. "Col. Robert McCormick Dies; WGN-AM-TV Among Holdings" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. April 4, 1955. p. 78. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  10. "McCormick Will Names Five To Head 'Tribune,' Stations" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. April 11, 1955. p. 102. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  11. "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. June 20, 1955. p. 111. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  12. "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. July 18, 1955. p. 108. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  13. "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting-Telecasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. December 16, 1974. p. 48. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  14. "Changing hands" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. August 22, 1960. p. 54. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  15. "WGN Inc. buying VHF in Denver" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. September 6, 1965. p. 57. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  16. "KWGN(TV) starts with a bang" (PDF). Broadcasting. March 14, 1966. Retrieved March 3, 2020 – via American Radio History.
  17. "Changing hands" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. August 1, 1983. p. 52. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  18. "$510 million's the mark to beat now" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. May 20, 1985. p. 37. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
    "$510 million's the mark to beat now" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. May 20, 1985. p. 38. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  19. "Changing hands" (PDF). Broadcasting. Cahners Business Information. November 18, 1991. p. 73. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  20. "Shoring up for the fifth" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. November 8, 1993. p. 43. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  21. Elizabeth Rathbun (September 18, 1995). "Tribune buys Houston U for WB" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. p. 16. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  22. "Tribune's $70.5 million takes San Diego UHF" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. September 4, 1995. p. 7. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  23. "Changing Hands" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. September 28, 1998. p. 54. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  24. "Duopoly: Wheeling starts; dealing to come" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. August 16, 1999. p. 8. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  25. "Duopoly: New rules spark CBS-Viacom talk" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. August 23, 1999. p. 8. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via American Radio History.
  26. Tribune, minority group on TV station Qwest; new company's first buys are WATL-TV Atlanta and WNOL-TV New Orleans, Broadcasting & Cable, November 21, 1994. Retrieved July 20, 2013 from HighBeam Research.
  27. BREAKFAST BRIEFING // CHICAGO, Chicago Sun-Times, November 10, 1999. Retrieved July 23, 2013 from HighBeam Research.
  28. Tribune Broadcasting Joins with Warner Bros. to Launch Fifth Television Network, TheFreeLibrary.com. Retrieved 12-10-2010.
  29. Tribune Co. Looks to Boost Role in TV with Offer for Six Stations, Los Angeles Daily News, July 2, 1996. Retrieved July 20, 2013 from HighBeam Research.
  30. Carter, Bill (2006-01-24). "UPN and WB to Combine, Forming New TV Network". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  31. Zell buys Tribune Co., Cubs to be sold, CNNMoney, April 3, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
  32. "Tribune Interactive, Schurz in Web Deal". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  33. Radio Daze: Tribune Gang Sets Out to Reinvent TV, Broadcasting & Cable, April 13, 2008.
  34. "Tribune and Local TV to Form Broadcast Management Company" (Press release). Tribune Company. 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  35. "Tribune Company to Voluntarily Restructure Debt Under Chapter 11" (Press release). Tribune Company. 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2008-12-08. Tribune Company to Voluntarily Restructure Debt Under Chapter 11. Publishing, Interactive and Broadcasting Businesses to Continue Operations. Chicago Cubs and Wrigley Field Not Part of Chapter 11 Filing; Monetization Efforts to Continue
  36. Albiniak, Paige (August 30, 2010). "Tribune Launching Classic TV Multicast Network". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
  37. Malone, Michael (May 14, 2013). "Tribune Replaces Weigel As Partner on This TV". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
  38. "Acquisition to make Tribune Co. largest U.S. TV station operator". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  39. "Tribune to Put Local TV's WNEP Scranton, Norfolk Stations Up for Sale". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  40. Flint, Joe (2013-09-25). "FCC expected to propose dropping UHF discount from TV ownership caps". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  41. FCC OKs Tribune Co.'s agreement to buy Local TV Holdings, Crain's Chicago Business, December 20, 2013.
  42. Company Completes Final Steps of Transaction Announced in July Archived 2013-12-28 at the Wayback Machine, Tribune Company, 27 December, 2013
  43. Steinberg, Brian (February 29, 2016). "Tribune Media to Explore Sale of Company or Assets, Takes $385 Million Write-Down". Variety. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  44. Lieberman, David (February 29, 2016). "Tribune Media Hangs Up "For Sale" Sign With Hiring Of Financial Advisers". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  45. Jessell, Harry (March 4, 2016). "Is This The End Of Tribune Broadcasting?". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  46. Lieberman, David (March 4, 2016). "Tribune Media's Cash Search Shouldn't Affect CW Negotiations, Analysts Say". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  47. Flint, Joe (2017-05-01). "Possible Bidding War Emerges for Tribune Media". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  48. Saba, Jennifer (2017-05-01). "In Fox Bid for Tribune, a Return to Erratic Murdoch Deal Making". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  49. de la Merced, Michael J.; Steel, Emily (2017-04-30). "21st Century Fox and Blackstone Said to Be Interested in Buying Tribune Media". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  50. "Reports: Fox News owner joins race to buy Tribune Media". Chicago Tribune. May 1, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  51. Baker, Liana; Toonkel, Jessica (May 7, 2017). "Exclusive: Sinclair Broadcast nears deal for Tribune Media". Reuters. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
  52. Stedman, Alex (May 7, 2017). "Sinclair Reportedly Near Deal to Buy Tribune Media". Variety. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
  53. de la Merced, Michael J. (2017-05-07). "Sinclair Is Said to Be Near a Deal for Tribune Media". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  54. Flint, Joe (2017-05-07). "Sinclair Broadcast Near Deal to Buy Tribune Media for About $4 Billion". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  55. Littleton, Cynthia (May 8, 2017). "Sinclair Broadcast Group Sets $3.9 Billion Deal to Acquire Tribune Media". Variety. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  56. "Tribune calls off $3.9 billion Sinclair media deal". August 9, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
  57. "Bidding War for Tribune Media Taking Shape". TV Week. November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  58. Kosman, Josh; Kelly, Keith (November 30, 2018). "Nexstar is leading bidder for TV-station giant Tribune Media". New York Post. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  59. Mullin, Benjamin; Flint, Joe (2018-12-02). "Nexstar Reaches Deal to Buy Tribune Media for $4.1 Billion". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  60. Feder, Robert (August 1, 2019). "Justice Department approves Nexstar deal for Tribune Media". RobertFeder.com. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  61. Channick, Robert (August 1, 2019). "Tribune Media - Nexstar merger one step closer after DOJ approval". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  62. "Memorandum Opinion and Order", Federal Communications Commission, 16 September 2019, Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  63. Channick, Robert (September 16, 2019). "Tribune Media sale to Nexstar approved by FCC; WGN-Ch. 9 no longer Chicago's very own". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  64. Feder, Robert (September 16, 2019). "FCC approves Tribune Media sale: What's next for WGN?". RobertFeder.com. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  65. "Nexstar Media Group Completes Tribune Media Acquisition Creating The Nation’s Largest Local Television Broadcaster", Nexstar Media Group, 19 September 2019, Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  66. Channick, Robert (September 19, 2019). "Nexstar completes purchase of WGN owner Tribune Media". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  67. Littleton, Cynthia (September 19, 2019). "Nexstar Completes Tribune Acquisition, Sean Compton to Head Programming". Variety. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  68. Tribune Re-Launching Studio With Matt Cherniss at Helm, Broadcasting & Cable, March 19, 2013.
  69. "WGN Radio - 720 AM". WGN Radio - 720 AM.
  70. Feder, Robert (December 30, 2014). "Weigel Broadcasting to become radio active on 87.7 FM". RobertFeder.com. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  71. Channick, Robert. "WGN-AM to simulcast on 87.7 FM for one more month". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  72. Channick, Robert (February 9, 2015). "MeTV launching radio station at 87.7 FM". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  73. Channick, Robert (February 17, 2014). "WGN launching FM sports talk station 'The Game'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
  74. Cuprisin, Tim (2009-07-24). "Accord puts Channel 6 weather, news on Clear Channel radio stations". JSOnline. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  75. "Subscribers to lose programming after Tribune Broadcasting fails to agree on settlement with DirecTV". Fox News. Associated Press. 2015-03-25. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  76. Marek, Lynne (2012-04-03). "Tribune, DirecTV have deal to carry WGN again". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  77. Channick, Robert (2012-04-05). "Tribune Co. reaches deal with DirecTV -- in time for Cubs opener". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  78. Littleton, Cynthia (2012-08-16). "Tribune stations go dark on Cablevision". Variety. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  79. Spangler, Tom (2012-08-17). "Cablevision Charges Tribune With 'Illegally Tying' Stations Deals; Broadcaster Says Its Approach Is Lawful and Complies with FCC Good-Faith Rules". Multichannel. Archived from the original on 2012-08-26. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  80. Wallenstein, Andrew (2012-10-26). "Cablevision, Tribune end retrans spat". Variety. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  81. "Dish Totally Unresponsive in Negotiations with Tribune Broadcasting". PR Newswire. 2016-06-15. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  82. Flint, Joe (2016-06-13). "Tribune TV Stations Blacked Out on Dish Network Over Dispute". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  83. Hayes, Dade (2019-01-02). "Tribune Stations Go Dark On Charter Spectrum Systems In 24 Markets". Deadline. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.