Monstera

Monstera is a genus of 45 species of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The genus is named from the Latin word for "monstrous" or "abnormal", and refers to the unusual leaves with natural holes that members of the genus have.[3]

Monstera
Monstera deliciosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Subfamily: Monsteroideae
Tribe: Monstereae
Genus: Monstera
Adans.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Tornelia Gutierrez ex Schott
  • Serangium Wood ex Salisb.

They are herbs or evergreen vines, growing to heights of 20 metres (66 ft) in trees, climbing by means of aerial roots which act as hooks over branches; these roots will also grow into the soil to help support the plant. Since the plant roots both into the soil and over trees, it is considered a hemiepiphyte.[4] The leaves are alternate, leathery, dark green, very large, from 25–90 centimetres (9.8–35.4 in) long (up to 130 centimetres (51 in) long in M. dubia) and 15–75 centimetres (5.9–29.5 in) broad, often with holes in the leaf blade. The flowers are borne on a specialised inflorescence called a spadix, 5–45 centimetres (2.0–17.7 in) long; the fruit is a cluster of white berries, edible in some species.

Large Monstera deliciosa

They are commonly grown indoors as houseplants. The best-known representative of the genus, Monstera deliciosa, is also cultivated for its edible fruit which tastes like a combination of banana and pineapple.

Species

As of July 2020 Plants of the World Online recognises 51 accepted taxa (of 45 species and 6 infraspecific names):[5][6]

  • Monstera acacoyaguensis Matuda
  • Monstera acuminata K.Koch – Shingle plant
  • Monstera adansonii Schott
    • subsp. adansonii (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
    • subsp. blanchetii (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
    • subsp. klotzschiana (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
    • subsp. laniata (Schott) Mayo & I.M.Andrade
  • Monstera amargalensis Croat & M.M.Mora
  • Monstera anomala Zuluaga & Croat
  • Monstera aureopinnata Croat
  • Monstera barrieri Croat, Moonen & Poncy
  • Monstera boliviana Rusby
  • Monstera buseyi Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera cenepensis Croat
  • Monstera costaricensis (Engl. & K.Krause) Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera deliciosa Liebm. – Ceriman, Swiss-cheese plant
  • Monstera dissecta (Schott) Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera dubia (Kunth) Engl. & K.Krause
  • Monstera egregia Schott
  • Monstera epipremnoides Engl.
  • Monstera filamentosa Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera florescanoana Croat, T.Krömer & Acebey
  • Monstera glaucescens Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera gracilis Engl.
  • Monstera integrifolia Zuluaga & Croat
  • Monstera kessleri Croat
  • Monstera lechleriana Schott
  • Monstera lentii Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera limitaris M.Cedeño
  • Monstera luteynii Madison
  • Monstera maderaverde Grayum & Karney
  • Monstera membranacea Madison
  • Monstera minima Madison
  • Monstera molinae Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera obliqua Miq.
  • Monstera oreophila Madison
  • Monstera pinnatipartita Schott
  • Monstera pittieri Engl.
  • Monstera planadensis Croat
  • Monstera praetermissa E.G.Gonç. & Temponi
  • Monstera punctulata (Schott) Schott ex Engl.
  • Monstera siltepecana Matuda
  • Monstera spruceana (Schott) Engl.
  • Monstera standleyana G.S.Bunting
  • Monstera subpinnata (Schott) Engl.
  • Monstera tenuis K.Koch
  • Monstera tuberculata Lundell
    • var. brevinoda (Standl. & L.O.Williams) Madison
    • var. tuberculata
  • Monstera vasquezii Croat
  • Monstera xanthospatha Madison

Previously included:

  • Monstera alticola Croat
  • Monstera bocatorana Croat & Grayum
  • Monstera coloradensis Croat
  • Monstera fortunense Croat
  • Monstera gigantea (Roxb.) Schott - Epipremnum giganteum (Roxb.) Schott
  • Monstera jefense Croat
  • Monstera pirrense Croat

Commonly misidentified as Monstera:

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References
  1. "Genus: Monstera Adans". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. 3 M-Q. CRC Press. p. 1723. ISBN 978-0-8493-2677-6.
  4. Eskov, A. K.; Zhukovskaya, N. V.; Bystrova, E. I.; Orlova, Yu. V.; Antipina, V. A.; Ivanov, V. B. (2016). "Growth of aerial roots with an extensive elongation zone by the example of a hemiepiphyte Monstera deliciosa". Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 63 (6): 822–834. doi:10.1134/S1021443716060042.
  5. "Monstera Adans., Accepted Species". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  6. "GRIN Species Records of Monstera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. USDA. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
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