Timeline of Madrid

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 17th century

• Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic- First archaeological signs of human occupation
• Roman period: mansion or staging-post (Miacum) established
• 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
• 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
• 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
• 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
• 1499 –
  • Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
  • Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
• 1500 - Printing press in operation.[1]
• 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
• 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
• 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
• 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
• 1561
  • Court of Philip II moves to Madrid.[2]
  • Population: 20,000.
• 1562 - Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a Panorama of Madrid.
• 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.

17th century

Small bridge in and view of the Paseo del Prado in mid-18th century by Italian painter Antonio Joli

• 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
• 1605 - Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
• 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
• 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
• 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
• 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
• 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
• 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
• 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
• 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
• 1644 - Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.[3]
• 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.[4]
• 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
• 1672 – Premiere of Guevara–Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.[5]

18th century

View of Calle de Alcalá in mid-18th century by Italian painter Antonio Joli

The San Francisco el Grande Basilica was finished in 1784

• 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
• 1713 – Real Academia Española founded.[6]
• 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.[6]
• 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
• 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
• 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.[6]
• 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
• 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.[7]
• 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.[6]
• 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.[8]
• 1756 – Puerta de Recoletos built.
• 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
• 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
• 1774 – Casa de Fieras del Retiro (zoo) opens.
• 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
• 1782 – Cibeles Fountain built on Plaza de Cibeles.
• 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
• 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
• 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000

19th century

Map of Madrid, 1857

• 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
• 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
• 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.[9]
• 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
• 1830
  • Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
  • León Gil de Palacio creates a scale model of the city.
• 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.[10]
• 1832 - Lhardy patisserie in business.[11]
• 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
• 1836
  • Biblioteca Nacional established.[6]
  • Literary University relocates to Madrid.
• 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
• 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.[12]
• 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
• 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
• 1856
  • Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
  • Escuela Superior de Diplomática (school) founded.
• 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
• 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
• 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
• 1868 – City walls dismantled.[13]
• 1869 - Jardín Zoológico established.[14]
• 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.[4]
• 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
• 1877 – Population: 397,816.[15]
• 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
• 1885
  • Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.[16]
  • Theatre of María Guerrero built.
• 1887
  • Café Comercial in business.
  • Palacio de Cristal built.
  • Population: 472,228.[15]
• 1888 – Café Gijón opens.[11]
• 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.[17]
• 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
• 1900 – Population: 539,835.[18]

20th century

The Monument to Alfonso XII was finished in 1922

• 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. (football club) founded.[19]
• 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
• 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
• 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
• 1910
  • Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
  • Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
• 1911
  • Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
  • Metropolis Building inaugurated.
• 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
• 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
• 1919 – Metro begins operating.
• 1920 - Population: 750,896.[20]
• 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
• 1923 – Teatro Monumental (theatre) built.
• 1924
  • Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • Hotel Florida opens.
  • National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
• 1925 – Teatro Pavón (theatre) opens.
• 1928 - Catholic Opus Dei founded.
• 1929
  • Gran Vía constructed.
  • Cine Avenida opens.[21]
• 1930
  • Teatro Munoz Seca (theatre) opens.
  • Cine Barceló built.[21]
• 1931
  • City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
  • Airport begins operating.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
• 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones (cinema)[21] inaugurated.
• 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
• 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris (cinema)[21] open.
• 1936
  • November: Siege of Madrid begins.[22]
  • Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1939
  • March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.[2]
  • Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
• 1940
  • Spanish National Orchestra founded.
  • Population: 1,088,647.[20]
• 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
• 1944
  • Carabanchel Prison built.
  • Museum Cerralbo opens.
  • Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
• 1949 - Cine Pompeya (cinema) opens.[21]
• 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
• 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
• 1954 - Cine Benlliure (cinema) opens.[21]
• 1956 - Real Madrid wins first European Cup.[19]
• 1960 - Population: 2,259,931.[20]
• 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
• 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
• 1967 – City flag design adopted.
• 1968
  • Autonomous University of Madrid established.
  • Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
• 1970 - Population: 3,146,071.[20]
• 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
• 1972
  • Zoo Aquarium built.
  • Temple of Debod installed.
• 1973 – Operación Ogro.
• 1974 - Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1975 – La Movida Madrileña.
• 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
• 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
• 1978
  • Sabatini Gardens open.
  • Centro Dramático Nacional created.
• 1979
  • Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • Windsor Tower built.
• 1980 - Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1981 – Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
• 1982 – City hosts 1982 FIFA World Cup.[19]
• 1983
  • Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
  • November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
  • December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
• 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
• 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
• 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
• 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
• 1990 - Editorial Verbum in business.
• 1991
  • City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
  • Population: 2,984,576.[20]
• 1992
  • Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
  • Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
• 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
• 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.[23]
• 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
• 1998 - Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.

21st century

Plaque in memory of the victims of the 2004 Madrid train bombings

• 2001 - City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
• 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
• 2003
  • Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
  • Manzanares Park inaugurated.
  • Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 2004
  • March: Train bombings.[24]
  • Museo del Traje established.[25]
• 2005
  • Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
  • June: Demonstration against ETA.[26]
  • Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
  • Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
  • Madrid Ballet established.
• 2006
  • Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
  • Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
  • December 30: Airport bombing.[24]
• 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
• 2008
  • Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
  • Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
  • CaixaForum Madrid opens.
  • Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
  • Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
• 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.[27]
• 2011
  • 15-M Movement protests.
  • Parque Madrid Río inaugurated.[28][29]
  • Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón quits.[30]
• 2012
  • 12 May: Economic protest.[31]
  • November: Anti-austerity protests.[32]
• 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
• 2015
  • March: Parque Felipe VI inaugurated.[33]
  • 24 May: Madrid City Council election, 2015 held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.

See also

• List of mayors of Madrid
• History of Madrid
• Madrid capital

References

1. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
2. Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
3. Exequies and Funeral of Isabel de Borbon, Queen of Spain, at the Real Convento de San Geronimo, Madrid. Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books. British Library. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
4. Baedeker 1908.
5. Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
6. David H. Stam, ed. (2001). International Dictionary of Library Histories. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 1579582443.
7. Mark Kurlansky (1999), The Basque History of the World, Walker & Company, ISBN 9780802713490
8. "Garden Search: Spain". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
9. Gordon Campbell, ed. (2006). Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518948-3.
10. "Kingdom of Spain". International Encyclopedia of the Stock Market. Fitzroy Dearborn. 1999. ISBN 978-1-884964-35-0.
11. James Trager (1995), The Food Chronology, New York: Henry Holt, OL 1275146M
12. "Naval Museum: Historia". Armada Española. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
13. Calvert 1909.
14. Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
15. Britannica 1910.
16. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Spain". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
17. United States. Commission to the Madrid exposition, 1892 (1895), Report of the United States commission to the Columbian historical exposition at Madrid, 1892-93, Washington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Office, OL 23368503M
18. "Spain". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1910. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368408.
19. Tom Dunmore (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
20. "Alterations to the municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842: Madrid". Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain). Retrieved 30 November 2014.
21. "Movie Theaters in Madrid". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
22. Francisco J. Romero Salvadó (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5784-1.
23. "Madrid". ArchNet.
24. BBC News. "Timeline". Spain Profile. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
25. Museo del Traje. Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico. "Historia" (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
26. Angel Smith (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Spain (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6267-8.
27. "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
28. M. Kimmelman (December 26, 2011). "In Madrid's Heart, Park Blooms Where a Freeway Once Blighted". New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
29. "Madrid Rio: Highway Tunnel Project". Walking Bostonian. 29 December 2011 – via Blogspot.
30. "Spanish mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
31. Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
32. "Anti-austerity strikes sweep southern Europe". Reuters. November 14, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
33. "Un parque con horario nórdico en Valdebebas", El Mundo (in Spanish), Madrid, 2015-03-27

Bibliography

in English

Published in the 18th-19th century

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Madrid", The Grand Tour, 4, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762580
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Madrid", New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven, Connecticut: S. Converse
• David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Madrid". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
• "Madrid", Cabinet Cyclopædia, VII: Cities and Principal Towns of the World, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, 1830, OCLC 2665202
• Arthur de Capell Brooke (1831), "Madrid", Sketches in Spain and Morocco, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, OCLC 13783280
• Richard Ford (1855), "Madrid", A Handbook for Travellers in Spain (3rd ed.), London: John Murray, OCLC 2145740
• Samuel Sullivan Cox (1870), "Madrid", Search for Winter Sunbeams in the Riviera, Corsica, Algiers and Spain, New York: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 1022285
• John Lomas, ed. (1889), "Madrid", O'Shea's Guide to Spain and Portugal (8th ed.), Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black

Published in the 20th century

• "Madrid", Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1908, OCLC 1581249
• Albert Frederick Calvert (1909), Madrid, London: J. Lane, OCLC 1598573, OL 7014970M
• "Madrid-Alcala". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York. 1910.
• "Madrid", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
• Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Madrid", Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
• Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "Madrid". Spain and Portugal. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors. 9. Funk & Wagnalls Company. hdl:2027/nyp.33433006214559 – via Hathi Trust.
• Beatrice Erskine (1922), Madrid: Past and Present, London: John Lane, OL 7028442M
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Madrid". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
• Michael Ugarte (1996), Madrid 1900, USA: Pennsylvania State University Press, ISBN 0271015594

Published in the 21st century

• J. Maldonado (2005). "Madrid". In Anton Kreukels; et al. (eds.). Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
• David Gilmour (2012). "Madrid". Cities of Spain. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4481-3833-3.

in other languages

• "Madrid". Castilla la Nueva. Recuerdos y bellezas de España (in Spanish). 1. 1853. hdl:2027/ucm.5325879622.
• Eusebio Blasco (1873), Madrid por dentro y por fuera: Guia de forasteros incautos [Madrid inside and out: stranger's guide] (in Spanish), Julian Peña, OCLC 34689580, OL 23446308M
• Madame d'Aulnoy (1874), Mme B. Carey (ed.), La cour et la ville de Madrid vers la fin du XVIIe siècle [The court and the city of Madrid in the late seventeenth century] (in French), Paris: E. Plon et cie, OL 24403114M
• Timoteo Domingo Palacio, ed. (1888), Documentos del Archivo General de la villa de Madrid [Documents from the Archives of the City of Madrid] (in Spanish), Madrid: Impr. y Lit. Municipal v.4
• "Madrid". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.

External links

• Nicolas de Fer (1702). "Madrid, ville considérable de la nouvelle Castille, séjour ordinaire des Roys d'Espagne". (Map of Madrid)
• Map of Madrid, 1943
• Europeana. Items related to Madrid, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Madrid, various dates