Thoracica

Thoracica
	Semibalanus balanoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Crustacea
Class:	Maxillopoda
Infraclass:	Cirripedia
Superorder:	Thoracica; Darwin, 1854
Orders[1]
	Cyprilepadiformes; Ibliformes; Lepadiformes; Scalpelliformes; Sessilia Lamarck, 1818;

Thoracica is a superorder of crustaceans which contains the most familiar species of barnacles found on rocky coasts, such as Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus. They have six well-developed limbs, and may be either stalked or sessile. The carapace is heavily calcified. The group includes free-living and commensal species.[2]

Classification

This article follows Martin and Davis in placing Thoracica as a superorder of Cirripedia and in the following classification of thoracicans down to the level of families:[3]

Superorder Thoracica Darwin, 1854

Order Pedunculata Lamarck, 1818
- Suborder Heteralepadomorpha Newman, 1987
  - Anelasmatidae Gruvel, 1905
  - Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantell, 1921
  - Koleolepadidae Hiro, 1933
  - Malacolepadidae Hiro, 1937
  - Microlepadidae Zevina, 1980
  - Rhizolepadidae Zevina, 1980
- Suborder Iblomorpha Newman, 1987
  - Iblidae Leach, 1825
- Suborder Lepadomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
  - Lepadidae Darwin, 1852
  - Oxynaspididae Gruvel, 1905
  - Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909
- Suborder Scalpellomorpha Newman, 1987
  - Calanticidae Zevina, 1978
  - Lithotryidae Gruvel, 1905
  - Pollicipedidae Leach, 1817
  - Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907
Order Sessilia Lamarck, 1818

Gooseneck barnacles (Lepas anatifera)

- Suborder Brachylepadomorpha Withers, 1923
  - Neobrachylepadidae Newman & Yamaguchi, 1995
- Suborder Verrucomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
  - Neoverrucidae Newman, 1989
  - Verrucidae Darwin, 1854
- Suborder Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
  - Superfamily Chionelasmatoidea Buckeridge, 1983
    - Chionelasmatidae Buckeridge, 1983
  - Superfamily Pachylasmatoidea Utinomi, 1968
    - Pachylasmatidae Utinomi, 1968
  - Superfamily Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854
    - Catophragmidae Utinomi, 1968
    - Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854
  - Superfamily Coronuloidea Leach, 1817
    - Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916
    - Coronulidae Leach, 1817
    - Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976
  - Superfamily Tetraclitoidea Gruvel, 1903
    - Bathylasmatidae Newman & Ross, 1971
    - Tetraclitidae Gruvel, 1903
  - Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
    - Archaeobalanidae Newman & Ross, 1976
    - Balanidae Leach, 1817
    - Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825

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References

WoRMS (2019). Thoracica. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1107 on 2019-01-16
Robert D. Barnes (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-03-056747-6.
Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp.

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[1] WoRMS (2019). Thoracica. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1107 on 2019-01-16

[IZ-2] Robert D. Barnes (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-03-056747-6.

[martin-3] Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp.