Thalattosauroidea

Thalattosauroidea is a superfamily of thalattosaurs, a Triassic group of marine reptiles. It was named in 1904 by paleontologist John Campbell Merriam to include the genus Thalattosaurus from California. Thalattosauroids are one of two groups of Thalattosauria, the other being Askeptosauroidea. Thalattosauroids make up the "traditional" thalattosaurs with large downturned snouts, short necks, and long, paddle-like tails.

Thalattosauroidea Temporal range: Middle To Late Triassic, 247–220 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Life restoration of Nectosaurus halinus (right) and Thalattosaurus alexandrae (left)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	†Thalattosauria
Superfamily:	†Thalattosauroidea Merriam, 1904
Subtaxa
†Agkistrognathus †Clarazia †Concavispina †Gunakadeit †Hescheleria †Paralonectes †Nectosaurus †Thalattosaurus †Xinpusaurus
Synonyms
Thalattosauria Nicholls, 1999

Classification

Thalattosauria includes North American genera such as Thalattosaurus and Nectosaurus as well as recently described Chinese forms such as Xinpusaurus. A 1999 study of thalattosaurs, which established much of the currently accepted phylogeny of the group, referred to Thalattosauroidea as Thalattosauria, while calling the larger group Thalattosauriformes. More recent phylogenetic studies have come upon the same conclusions, but refer to the group as Thalattosauroidea in order to contrast it with another superfamily of thalattosaurs, Askeptosauroidea.[1][2] Below is a cladogram from Wu et al. (2009) showing the phylogenetic relationships of Thalattosauroidea:[3]

Thalattosauria	Askeptosauroidea    Thalattosauroidea      Nectosaurus     Xinpusaurus     Kössen-Form         Agkistrognathus       Paralonectes       Thalattosaurus    Claraziidae    Clarazia     Hescheleria

References

1. Rieppel, O.; Liu, J.; Bucher, H. (2000). "The first record of a thalattosaur reptile from the Late Triassic of southern China (Guizhou Province, PR China)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (3): 507–514. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0507:TFROAT]2.0.CO;2.
2. Liu, J.; Rieppel, O. (2005). "Restudy of Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis (Reptilia: Thalattosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou, China" (PDF). American Museum Novitates. 3488: 1–34. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2005)488[0001:roahrt]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0003-0082.
3. Wu, X.-C.; Cheng, Y.-N.; Sato, T.; Shan, H.-Y. (2009). "Miodentosaurus brevis Cheng et al., 2007 (Diapsida: Thalattosauria): its postcranial skeleton and phylogenetic relationships" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 47 (1): 1–20.