The World Academy of Sciences

The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting 1,000 scientists in some 70 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy.

The World Academy of Sciences
AbbreviationTWAS
Formation1983 (1983)
TypeInternational nongovernmental organization (INGO)
Location
Region served
Worldwide
Websitetwas.org

History

TWAS was founded in 1983 under the leadership of the Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam of Pakistan by a group of distinguished scientists who were determined to do something about the dismal state of scientific research in developing countries.

  • Although developing countries account for 80% of the world's population, only 28% of the world's scientists hail from these countries. This fact reflects the lack of innovative potential necessary to solve real-life problems affecting poor nations.
  • A chronic lack of funds for research often forces scientists in developing countries into intellectual isolation, jeopardizing their careers, their institutions and, ultimately, their nations.
  • Scientists in developing countries tend to be poorly paid and gain little respect for their work because the role that scientific research can play in development efforts is underestimated. This in turn leads to brain drain in favour of the North that further impoverishes the South.
  • Research institutions and universities in the South are under-funded, forcing scientists to work in difficult conditions and often with outdated equipment.

The founding members of TWAS therefore decided to set up an organization that would help to:

  1. Recognize, support and promote excellence in scientific research in the South;
  2. Provide promising scientists in the South with research facilities necessary for the advancement of their work;
  3. Facilitate contacts between individual scientists and institutions in the South;
  4. Encourage South–North cooperation between individuals and centres of scholarship;
  5. Promote scientific research on major developing countries problems.

Since its inception, TWAS's operational expenses have largely been covered by generous contributions of the Italian government; since 1991 UNESCO has been responsible for the administration of TWAS finance and staff on the basis of an agreement signed by the director general of UNESCO and the president of TWAS.

It was named "Third World Academy of Sciences" until 2004 and "TWAS, the academy of sciences for the developing world" before September 2012,[1] when it was renamed to is current name, "The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries".[2]

Founding fellows

The founding fellows of 1983 include[3]

TWAS Prize
Further information: List of TWAS Prize laureates
TWAS Prize
International award for contributions to Science
Sponsored byThe World Academy of Sciences
CountryItaly 
Formerly calledTWAS Awards in Basic Sciences (till 2003)
Reward(s)
  • A bronze rectangular plaque embedded on a red base
  • US$ 15000
First awarded1985
Last awarded2016
Highlights
Total awarded242
Websitehttp://www.twas.org/ 

The TWAS Prize is an annual award instituted in 1985 by TWAS to recognize excellence in scientific research in the global South.[4] At inception, the award was titled TWAS Awards in Basic Sciences and was awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics categories but was merged with the TWNSO (Third World Network of Scientific Organizations) Prizes in Applied Sciences in 2003 to form the present-day TWAS Prize, which is awarded in nine categories viz. Agricultural Sciences, Biology, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Mathematics, Medical Sciences, Physics and Social Sciences.[5] The award carries a plaque and a cash prize of US$ 15000[6] and is open to scientists living and working in a developing country.[7]

The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) is a global science academy headquartered at the premises of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy. The academy, founded in 1983, promotes science and engineering for sustainable prosperity in the developing world.[8] It was originally named TWAS, the academy of sciences for the developing world at inception but was renamed as The World Academy of Sciences in 2004.[9]
gollark: That seems impractical and poorly defined.
gollark: Also redundancy.
gollark: I support having multiple nations or something similar around to provide choice of governance system.
gollark: There don't seem to be viable alternatives at this point.
gollark: Vaguely based in reality. Not that much sometimes.

References
  1. Li, Jiao. "TWAS changes name, but not its mission". SciDev.Net. scidev.net. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "TWAS's 42 Founding Members". The World Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  4. "Recipients of TWAS Awards and Prizes". The World Academy of Sciences. 2016. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015.
  5. "Prizes and Awards". The World Academy of Sciences. 2016. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017.
  6. "TWAS Prizes". The World Academy of Sciences. 2016. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017.
  7. "TWAS 2016 Prizes". OWSD South African National Chapter. 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017.
  8. "TWAS, the voice for science in the South". The World Academy of Sciences. 2016. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018.
  9. Li, Jiao. "TWAS changes name, but not its mission". SciDev.Net. scidev.net. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.

TWAS official website

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