TCDD Taşımacılık

TCDD Taşımacılık A.Ş. (English: TCDD Transportation, reporting mark TCDDT) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure.[1] TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.

TCDD Taşımacılık A.Ş.
Kapalı Anonim şirket
IndustryRailway transport, Logistics
PredecessorTurkish State Railways
FoundedJune 14, 2016 (2016-06-14)
Headquarters
Ankara
,
Turkey
Area served
Turkey
Key people
Veysi Kurt (Chairman)
Mehmet Uras (Vice Chairman)
ProductsRail transport, Cargo transport, Services
OwnerRepublic of Turkey (100%)
Websitewww.tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr

TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.

Organisation

TCDD Taşımacılık is a government-owned company responsible for the operation of passenger and freight railways within Turkey, including logistical centers and train ferries, using infrastructure owned and maintained by the Turkish State Railways.[1]

Passenger Operations
Main article: List of TCDD Taşımacılık routes

TCDD Taşımacılık operates passenger rail service on most of its network. Passenger trains service most major cities in Turkey, although a few are without train service, such as Bursa and Antalya. TCDD Taşımacılık operates five types of passenger rail on its network:

  • High-speed (Yüksek Hızlı Tren): TCDD Taşımacılık's premier rail service.
  • Mainline (Anahat): Standard intercity passenger rail service, between major cities.
  • Regional (Bölgesel): Regional rail service, connecting major cities to surrounding cities, towns and villages.
  • Commuter (Banliyö): Commuter rail service within major cities.
  • International (Uluslararası): International train service to Europe.

High-speed rail
Main article: Yüksek Hızlı Tren
A high-speed trainset in Ankara.

High-speed rail service is TCDD Taşımacılık's premier trains service, currently operating four routes between Istanbul, Ankara, Eskişehir and Konya along the Ankara-Istanbul and Polatlı-Konya high-speed railways.[2] High-speed trains are branded as Yüksek Hızlı Tren or YHT and operates at speeds of up to 300 km/h (190 mph). YHT train service is expected to expand further to Sivas by 2019,[3] Afyon by 2020,[4] as well as Bursa and İzmir in the early 2020s.

YHT trains use Ankara station as their main hub, with an exclusive concourse and lounges within the Ankara Tren Garı building, built over the southern platforms at Ankara station.

High-speed train service began on 13 March 2009, between Ankara and Eskişehir and in its final year before TCDD Taşımacılık took over, YHT trains carried over 5.89 million passengers.[5]

Intercity rail
The Pamukkale Express running through rural Afyon Province.

Intercity rail in Turkey is known as Mainline (Turkish: Anahat) service. Mainline trains operate between major cities, often as overnight trains, and make limited stops. Mainline trains also operate at greater speeds than regional and commuter trains, when the route permits it. Intercity trains were operated the most between Istanbul and Ankara and reached speeds of up to 140 km/h (87 mph) in certain sections. The Capital Express, Anatolian Express and the Republic Express were a few notable mainline trains that ran on the Istanbul to Ankara rail corridor. Once the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway was completed in 2014, all mainline train service between the two cities was replaced with high-speed rail service.

Mainline trains are usually equipped with TVS2000 air-conditioned cars, however refurbished Pullman cars are also used on some trains. Overnight mainline trains consist of sleeping and dining cars while some trains also have couchette cars in addition to sleepers.

During the final year before TCDD Taşımacılık took over operations, mainline trains carried over 1.3 million passengers.[5]

Regional rail
An Afyon-bound regional train from Eskişehir at Alayunt station.

Regional rail (Turkish: Bölgesel treni) service connects major cities to neighboring towns and villages as well as other cities. These trains are usually the slowest in the whole TCDD Taşımacılık system, making frequent stops along its route. Some trains, like the Ada Express, however operate at faster speeds similar to mainline trains. All regional rail service operates within their respective districts, using one city as a hub.

The most frequent regional rail service in Turkey is between Adana and Mersin with 27 daily trains in each direction. The second most frequent route is between İzmir and Torbalı, with 18 daily trains in each direction.

Regional trains can be locomotive-hauled or consist of diesel or electric trainsets (MUs) or even diesel railcars. Locomotive-hauled trains consist of TVS200 or regular Pullman coaches. DM15000 and DM30000 DMUs are standard along many routes, especially south of İzmir. Regional trains lack any on-board services except at-cart catering services on most trains.

During the final year before TCDD Taşımacılık took over operations, regional trains carried over 13.5 million passengers.[5]

Commuter rail
A Marmaray train at Ayrılık Çeşmesi station.

Commuter rail service is currently provided in Istanbul and Ankara, with a new network under construction in Gaziantep. The Marmaray network in Istanbul provides trans-Bosphorus commuter rail service between Ayrılık Çeşmesi in Kadıköy and Kazlıçeşme in Fatih, with the full 76.6 km (47.6 mi) network expected to enter service towards the end of 2018. Once opened fully, trains will operate between Halkalı in Küçükçekmece and Gebze in the neighboring Kocaeli Province.

The Başkentray network in Ankara provides commuter rail service along an east-west axis between Sincan and Kayaş, with Ankara station as a hub.

All commuter rail service operates on its own right-of-way, similar to some S-Bahn systems in Germany, and are fully integrated with their respective cities' transportation network. The only commuter railway in Turkey not operated by TCDD Taşımacılık is İZBAN, which operates commuter rail on two lines in the İzmir metropolitan area.

International rail
The Istanbul-Sofia Express waiting to depart Sofia.

While TCDD used to operate several international trains to Europe and the Middle-East, most of these trains were cancelled due to the outbreak of war in Syria and Iraq, and the economic crisis in Greece. Currently, TCDD Taşımacılık operates two international trains from Istanbul to Sofia and Bucharest in Bulgaria and Romania respectively. These two routes operate out of Halkalı as a single train and later split in Bulgaria. Once the rehabilitation of the railway east of Halkalı is completed in late 2018, international train service will resume from their former terminus, Sirkeci station. An agreement between Greece and Turkey to revive the Istanbul to Thessaloniki train, cancelled in 2011, was signed in March 2016 but no progress has been made since and it is still unclear whether or not the train will resume service.

A new international passenger service from Kars to Baku, Azerbaijan, was expected to start June 2018 via the recently completed Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway. A train such as this would be the first revenue passenger train service from Turkey to the Caucasus.[6]

Due to the volatile situation in Syria and Iraq, all international train service to the middle-east is suspended indefinitely.

Freight operations
A freight wagon of the company

From 1980 onwards, rail freight tonne-kilometers transported by the TCDD rose slightly from ~5000million tonne-km in 1980 to ~7000million tonne-km in 1990 and to ~9000million tonne-km in 2000.[7] Approximately 50% of freight moved is minerals or ores, with construction materials increasing to ~10% in 2000 from less than 5% in 1980, food/agricultural products, chemicals/petroleum, and metal sectors each account for between 5 and 10%. International freight accounted for approximately 5% of totals in 2000.[7]

In 2012, 25.7 million ton were transported by rail in Turkey. Two steel companies, Erdemir and Kardemir, top 2 customers of TCDD, had transported 4.5 million ton in 2012, mainly iron ore and coal.[8] 2.1 million tons of rail freight belong to international traffic. Most of international traffic between Turkey and Europe are done via Kapikule and mainly using container trains.[9]

As of 2016, the amount of goods transported by rail is stable (25.8 million ton) with 7.1 million being done with private wagons (domestic only). International transport is also stable since 2013 (1.8 million).[10]

Containers are widely used both in international and domestic transportation. 7.6 million ton is carried in containers. TCDD is supporting transportation by containers. Thus almost all of the private railway companies invested in container wagons, and carrying 20% of all rail freight by their own wagons.[11]

TCDD has plans to strengthen its freight traffic with the construction of 4000 km conventional lines until 2023. That includes new international rail connections to Georgia, Iraq and Iran.[12] This will be complemented with the construction of 18 logistic centers in order to increase the ratio of domestic freight transported by rail.[13] The company is also planning to increase its international transit traffic (as little as 7000 ton in 2016) by constructing a "iron silk road" that will be connecting Europe and Asia and thus taking share from one of the world's highest freight traffic routes.[14] Marmaray and the YSS bridge are the most important parts of this project which were completed in 2015 and 2016 respectively.[15] Another key project is the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway which is planned to be completed in 2016 and start functioning in 2017.[16] Also, plans for another supplying project to Kars-Tbilisi-Baku railway, the Kars-Igdir-Nakhcivan railway has been completed.[17]

Fleet

TCDD Taşımacılık acquired its entire fleet from the Turkish State Railways on 28 December 2016, when the handover between the two organizations was signed. In total, TCDD Taşımacılık possesses 125 electric locomotives, 543 diesel locomotives, 19 high-speed trainsets, 49 EMUs, 64 DMUs, 872 passenger cars and 19,870 freight cars.[5]

Locomotives
ModelPictureNumbersBuiltNumber builtTypePowerBuilder (Designer)Notes
Road power
DE2400024001-244181970–84418[18]Diesel Electric2160 hp (1600 kW)TÜLOMSAŞ (MTE)Ordered for TCDD's complete dieselization of its fleet
DE1810018101-18120197820[19]Diesel Electric1800 hp (1320 kW)MTEOrdered for use in District 3
DE2200022001-220861985–8986[20]Diesel Electric2000 hp (1470 kW)TÜLOMSAŞ (Electro-Motive Division)
E4300043001-43045198745[21]Electric4260 hp (3180 kW)TÜLOMSAŞ (Toshiba)
DE3300033001-330892003–0489[22]Diesel Electric3000 hp (2220 kW)TÜLOMSAŞ (Electro-Motive Diesel)Based on the DE22000
E6800068001-680802013–80[23]Electric6800 hp (5000 kW)Hyundai Rotem, TÜLOMSAŞFirst 8 built by Hyundai Rotem, later 72 are being built by TÜLOMSAŞ
DE3600036001-360202013–20[24]Diesel Electric3600 hp (2680 kW)TÜLOMSAŞ (General Electric)GE PowerHaul type
Switchers
HSL700TBA201880Electro-Diesel710 hp (522 kW)TÜLOMSAŞBased on E1000 electronics (in turn, DE 11 000)[25]
DE1100011001-11085198585[26]Diesel Electric1065 hp (780 kW)Krauss-Maffei, TÜLOMSAŞFirst 20 built by Krauss-Maffei later 60 built by TÜLOMSAŞ
DH70007001–7020199420[27]Diesel Hydraulic710 hp (522 kW)TÜLOMSAŞ
DH95009501–9526199926[28]Diesel Hydraulic950 hp (700 kW)TÜLOMSAŞDiesel-hydraulic redesign of TCDD DE11000 to work around short of spare parts for the traction motors of TCDD DE11000
E100010002015–1Electric1360 hp (1000 kW)TÜBİTAK MAM, TÜLOMSAŞPrototype, mainly used for shunting operations (electric-only adaptation of TCDD DE11000)

Trainsets
ModelPictureNumbersBuiltNumber BuiltTypePowerBuilder (Designer)Notes
MT1500015001-15012200812DMU650 kWHyundai RotemUsed for regional services
HT6500065001-650122009–????12EMU4800 kWCAFTCDD high-speed train sets
E2300023001-230332009–????33EMUEUROTEMBaşkentray commuter rail
MT3000015401-154522011–14DMU650 kWTÜVASAŞUsed for regional services
E3200032001-320542011–????88EMUEUROTEMMarmaray commuter rail
HT8000080001 & 80101-801062013–20167EMU8000 kWSiemensTCDD high-speed train sets

Railcars
ModelPictureNumbersBuiltNumber BuiltTypePowerBuilder (Designer)Notes
MT57005701-5730199330RailcarFiatUsed for regional services

Passenger cars
ModelPictureBuiltTypeBuilder (Designer)
Regional Fleet1972CoachTÜVASAŞ
Pullman Fleet1980–90Coach, Couchette, Diner, GeneratorTÜVASAŞ
TVS20001992Coach, Diner, Couchette, Sleeper, GeneratorTÜVASAŞ
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References
  1. "Hakkında". tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  2. "YHT Timetable" (PDF). tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  3. "Ankara-Sivas YHT Hattı İlk Ray Serim Töreni yapıldı". milliyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  4. "Afyon- Ankara hızlı tren hattı 2019'da açılacak". ensonhaber.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  5. "TCDD Annual Report (2016)" (PDF). tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  6. "Azerbaijan Railways' head: Passenger trains via rail route Baku-Tbilisi-Kars to operate from June". abc.az. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  7. Restructuring options for reform of TCDD, World Bank report 2003, hwtsk.com
  8. Uysal, Onur. "Leading Railway Clients 2012", Rail Turkey, 16 December 2013
  9. Uysal, Onur. "Leading Railway Companies In Turkey 2012 – European Traffic", Rail Turkey, 14 June 2014
  10. Uysal, Onur. "TCDD Annual Statistics 2013", Rail Turkey, 23 October 2014
  11. Uysal, Onur. "Leading Railway Companies In Turkey 2012 – Railcar Owners", Rail Turkey, 15 July 2013
  12. Uysal, Onur. "2023 Targets in Rail Freight – Network", Rail Turkey, 11 July 2013
  13. Uysal, Onur. "2023 Targets in Rail Freight – Logistic Centers", Rail Turkey, 5 December 2013
  14. Uysal, Onur. "Is Marmaray Key for Europe-Asia Rail Connection?", Rail Turkey, 12 November 2013
  15. Uysal, Onur. "When Asia and Europe Will Be Connected?", Rail Turkey, 10 December 2013
  16. Uysal, Onur. "10 Things to Know About Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway Project", Rail Turkey, 20 October 2014
  17. Kars-Iğdır-Nahçivan Hızlı Tren Projesi (KIN)
  18. "DE24000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  19. "DE18100". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  20. "DE22000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  21. "E43000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  22. "DE33000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  23. "E68000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  24. "DE36000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  25. "Türkiye'nin ilk hibrit lokomotifi görücüye çıkıyor". Rail Turkey Tr (in Turkish). 2018-09-11. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
  26. "DE11000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  27. "DH7000". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  28. "DH9500". trainsofturkey.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
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