Symphony No. 79 (Haydn)

The Symphony No. 79 in F major, Hoboken 1/79, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was composed in 1784. The 79th Symphony is characterized by a strong and joyful opening theme as well as varied rhythms throughout all four movements, especially in the minuet. The wind section alternated throughout the symphony either doubling the string section, enriching the tempo and solos void of virtuosity. Of note are long rests which are characteristic of Haydn.

Portrait of Haydn by Thomas Hardy.

Symphonies No. 79–81

Symphony No. 79 was composed as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 80 and 81.[1] Unlike the previous three that were composed for London or the next six that were composed for Paris, symphonies 79 through 81 were written for a Lenten concert performed in Vienna in March 1785.[2] For whatever purpose they were written, in these three symphonies Haydn experiments openly and widely with rhythms, pauses, tutti, minimal polyphony, occasional dissonance, theme and variations and dance like structures (one thinks of Beethoven's 7th symphony in terms of combined innovation, playfulness and daring). All three symphonies share the same structure of movements and for the most part have similar chord structures at least in the first movements of each symphony.

Movements

The symphony is scored for flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings. There are four movements:

  1. Allegro con spirito
  2. Adagio cantabile, 3
    4     — un poco allegro, 2
    2
  3. Menuetto & Trio: Allegretto, 3
    4
  4. Finale: Vivace

The second half of the slow second movement is not slow at all and has a tempo more typical of a finale.

Much of the minuet is built on "4 + 2" six-bar phrases where the final two bars serve as a partial echo of the first four. The trio is based on a theme that is strikingly similar to the rondo finale to Mozart's first horn concerto, K. 412/386b, written in 1791, although it is unlikely that Mozart knew the earlier work.[3]

The finale is a straightforward rondo with two episodes. The first episode has a gypsy flavor.[3]

Notes
  1. HC Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols, (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976-) v. 2, Haydn at Eszterhaza, 1766-1790
  2. Stapert, Calvin R (2014). Playing before the LORD - The Life of Joseph Haydn. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 169. ISBN 9780802868527.
  3. Brown, A. Peter, The Symphonic Repertoire (Volume 2). Indiana University Press (ISBN 025333487X), pp. 202–203 (2002).
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