Steccherinaceae

The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood.

Steccherinaceae
Steccherinum ochraceum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Steccherinaceae

Parmasto (1968)
Type genus
Steccherinum
Gray (1821)
Synonyms[1]
  • Mycorrhaphiaceae Jülich (1982)

Taxonomy

The family was circumscribed by Czech mycologist Erast Parmasto in 1968.[2] Parmasto's original concept included species that are today classified in the Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Russulales. A large-scale molecular study published in 2012 by Otto Miettinen and colleagues redefined the limits of the Steccherinaceae to include most species of the poroid and hydnoid genera Antrodiella, Junghuhnia, and Steccherinum, as well as members of 12 other hydnoid and poroid genera. These genera were traditionally classified in the families Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporaceae, and Meruliaceae. They commented: "we see the need for at least 30 monophyletic, morphologically distinguishable genera. These include no fewer than 15 new genera for both polypores and hydnoid fungi, and revival of several unused genus names."[3] In a subsequent 2016 publication coauthored with Leif Ryvarden, Miettinen circumscribed several new genera—Antella, Austeria, Butyrea, Citripora, and Trulla.[4] In a 2017 phylogenetic overview of the Polyporales, Alfredo Justo and colleagues have noted "The extreme morphological variation within the Steccherinaceae makes it very difficult to characterize the family by means other than phylogeny and a certain predominance of morphological characters."[1]

Walter Jülich created the family Mycorrhaphiaceae to contain the type genus Mycorrhaphium.[5] This family is now placed in synonymy with Steccherinaceae.[1]

Phylogenetics

The genus Xanthoporus and the Loweomyces clade occupy a basal position of the Steccherinaceae phylogenetic tree. The genus Antrodiella was found to be polyphyletic, containing species spread throughout 10 distinct clades in the Steccherinaceae. Although it is not known with certainty what the closest relatives of the Steccherinaceae are, the genera Climacocystis, Hypochnicium, Meripilus, Podoscypha, and Pouzaroporia consistently appear close regardless of the gene used for phylogenetic analysis.[3]

Species in the core Antrodiella clade are very close genetically, even between species with a rather different spore shape, suggesting that these taxa may be undergoing ongoing rapid speciation. In some cases, DNA evidence shows that two morphologically nearly identical Antrodiella species are more distantly related than species that have larger phenotypic differences.[3]

Description

Most genera of the Steccherinaceae contain poroid or hydnoid fungi; Steccherinum contains both types. Steccherinaceae spores are usually broadly cylindrical or ellipsoid in shape. Characters useful for genus-level classification include fruit body colour and type, detailed hyphal structure, presence of cystidia, the strength of cyanophilic reactions of hyphae or spores, and the thickness of the spore walls. All species cause a white rot, and most grow on wood. Most of the species considered have a dimitic hyphal structure (containing both generative and skeletal hyphae), and most have clamps at the primary septa.[3]

Genera
Nigroporus vinosus
Antrodiella pallasii
Flabellophora sp.
Frantisekia mentschulensis
Loweomyces fractipes
  • Antella Miettinen (2016); 3 species
Type: Antella niemelaei
Type: Antrodiella semisupina
Type: Atraporiella neotropica
  • Austeria Miettinen (2016); 1 species
Type: Austeria citrea
  • Butyrea Miettinen (2016); 2 species
Type: Butyrea luteoalba
Type: Cabalodontia queletii
Type: Caudicicola gracilis
  • Chaetoporus P.Karst (1890); 1 species
Type: Chaetoporus tenuis
  • Citropora Miettinen (2016); 2 species
Type: Citripora bannaensis
Type: Etheirodon fimbriatum
Type: Flabellophora superposita
Type: Flaviporus rufoflavus
Type: Frantisekia fissiliformis
Type: Junghuhnia crustacea
Type: Lamelloporus americanus
  • Loweomyces (Kotl. & Pouzar) Julich (1982); 6 species
Type: Loweomyces fractipes
Type: Metuloidea tawa
Type: Mycorrhaphium adustum
Type: Nigroporus vinosus
Type: Steccherinum ochraceum
  • Trulla Miettinen & Ryvarden (2016); 5 species
Type: Trulla dentipora
  • Xanthoporus Audet (2010); 2 species
Type: Xanthoporus peckianus

Several genera are speculated to belong to the Steccherinaceae, although they have not yet been sampled: Amaurohydnum, Columnodontia, Cystidiodendron, Irpicochaete, Melzerodontia, Mycoleptodonoides, and Odontiochaete.[3] The genus Irpex has historically been placed in the Steccherinaceae,[7] but its type species, Irpex lacteus, is more closely related to Byssomerulius in the Phanerochaetaceae.[3] Irpex is now placed as the type genus of family Irpicaceae.[1]

gollark: What?
gollark: This way it wouldn't affect GalactiCRAFT™™™.
gollark: ```category_fallupoutofworld { # Players above this height will get a freezing effect applied to them that slowly obscures their view D:freezingHeight=2000.0 # Players above this height will slowly lose air and take damage if they run out, similar to drowning D:noAirHeight=2500.0 # Players above this height will take rapid damage similar to falling out of the bottom of the world. D:bloodBoilHeight=3000.0 # Damage taken each tick while blood is boiling. 4 would be the same as falling out of the bottom of the world D:bloodBoilDamage=4.0 # Players above this height instantly die D:instantDeathHeight=4000.0}```in `UpAndDownAndAllAround.cfg`.<@!202992030685724675>
gollark: Oh, and I actually was in creative when I died...
gollark: Possibly, but I want to be able to continue using rockets in survival.

References
  1. Justo, Alfredo; Miettinen, Otto; Floudas, Dimitrios; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Lindner, Daniel; Nakasone, Karen; Niemelä, Tuomo; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Ryvarden, Leif; Hibbett, David S. (2017). "A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota)". Fungal Biology. 121 (9): 798–824. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010. PMID 28800851.
  2. Parmasto, Erast (1968). Conspectus systematis coriciacearum. Tartu: Institutum Zoologicum & Botanicum Academiae Scientarium R.P.S.S Estonicae. p. 169.
  3. Miettinen, Otto; Larsson, Ellen; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Larsson, Karl-Henrik (2012). "Comprehensive taxon sampling reveals unaccounted diversity and morphological plasticity in a group of dimitic polypores (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)". Cladistics. 28 (3): 251–270. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00380.x.
  4. Miettinen, Otto; Ryvarden, Leif (2016). "Polypore genera Antella, Austeria, Butyrea, Citripora, Metuloidea and Trulla (Steccherinaceae, Polyporales)". Annales Botanici Fennici. 53 (3–4): 157–172. doi:10.5735/085.053.0403.
  5. Jülich, Walter (1981). Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes. Bibliotheca Mycologica. 85. Vaduz: J. Cramer. p. 380.
  6. Kotiranta, Heikki; Kulju, Matti; Miettinen, Otto (2017). "Caudicicola gracilis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new polypore species and genus from Finland". Annales Botanici Fennici. 54 (1–3): 159–167. doi:10.5735/085.054.0325. hdl:10138/234417.
  7. Cannon, P.F.; Kirk, P.M. (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. pp. 337–338. ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.