St Mary's Lighthouse

St Mary's Lighthouse is on the tiny St Mary's (or Bait) Island, just north of Whitley Bay on the coast of North East England. The small rocky tidal island is linked to the mainland by a short concrete causeway which is submerged at high tide.

St Mary's Lighthouse
The lighthouse in 2007
Tyne and Wear
LocationSt Mary's Island
Tyne and Wear
England
Coordinates55.071656°N 1.449444°W / 55.071656; -1.449444
Year first constructed1898
Automated1982
Deactivated1984
Constructionbrick tower
Tower shapetapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern
Markings / patternwhite tower and lantern
Tower height46 metres (151 ft)
Range17 nmi (31 km; 20 mi)
CharacteristicFl(2) W 20s.
ARLHS numberENG-145
Managing agentNorth Tyneside Borough Council[1]
HeritageGrade II listed

History

The lighthouse and adjacent keepers' cottages were built in 1898 by the John Miller company of Tynemouth, using 645 blocks of stone and 750,000 bricks. It was built on the site of an 11th-century monastic chapel, whose monks maintained a lantern on the tower to warn passing ships of the danger of the rocks. A first-order 'bi-valve' rotating optic was installed by Barbier & Bénard of Paris, very similar to the one they had provided the previous year for Lundy North Lighthouse;[2] it displayed a group-flashing characteristic, flashing twice every 20 seconds. The lamp was powered by paraffin, and was not electrified until 1977; St Mary's was by then the last Trinity House lighthouse lit by oil.[3]

As part of the electrification process the fine first-order fresnel lens was removed by Trinity House (it was later put on display in their National Lighthouse Museum in Penzance). Its place in the tower was taken by a four-tier revolving sealed beam lamp array, manufactured by Pharos Marine;[4] it was powered by two 12-volt batteries, charged from the mains electricity supply.[5]

Decommissioning

The lighthouse was decommissioned in 1984[6] (just two years after its conversion to automatic operation). The revolving sealed beam array was reused two years later (in reduced form) on the Inner Dowsing light platform in the North Sea, as part of its conversion to become 'the first major lighthouse to be run using solar power'.[4]

A few years later, St Mary's was opened as a visitor attraction by the local council. In place of the original optic, Trinity House offered a smaller one from their decommissioned lighthouse at Withernsea, and this can still be seen at the top of the tower.[7]

Following closure of the Penzance lighthouse museum, the original lens was returned to St Mary's in 2011 to be put on display.[8]

The lighthouse today

Since 2012 St Mary's lighthouse has been grade II listed.[9] While it no longer functions as a working lighthouse, it is easily accessible (when the tide is out) and regularly open to visitors; in addition to the lighthouse itself there is a small museum, a visitor's centre, and a café. The cottage was upgraded with a wood pellet boiler in 2014.[10]

In 2017 a renovation plan for the site (including roof-top viewing platforms and various glass-covered extensions) was rejected by the local planning authority due to environmental concerns. A new refurbishment proposal (to include rebuilding the original optic) was presented in 2018;[11] however the Heritage Lottery Fund later turned down North Tyneside Council's £2.1m funding application.[12]

Another Victorian lighthouse may be found a few miles to the south of the River Tyne. Souter Lighthouse is also now decommissioned, and open to visitors. Souter Lighthouse can be seen with the naked eye from the top of St Mary's Lighthouse.[13]

gollark: They use TAI, which doesn't have leap seconds at all.
gollark: No trigonometry somehow, just vector maths.
gollark: The speed of light is such that if they were off by a fraction of a second the distances would probably be unusably wrong.
gollark: Then you use the known position of the satellites and distances to each to work out where you are.
gollark: GPS operates on multilateration. It works out the distance to each satellite based on ~~its computed orbital position and~~ differences in time to receive the signal from each satellite.

See also

References
  1. St Mary's Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 26 April 2016
  2. s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lighthouse
  3. Jones, Robin (2014). Lighthouses of the North East Coast. Wellington, Somerset: Halsgrove.
  4. "Inner Dowsing Goes Solar". The Dock and Harbour Authority. 67 (785): 195. December 1986.
  5. "Briefing". The Electrical Review. 23 (6): 103. 11 August 1978.
  6. Communications, North Tyneside Council Marketing and. "North Tyneside Council". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  7. World Lighthouse Society Fall 2004 Newsletter Volume 2 Issue 3
  8. "St Marys Lighthouse | Worldwide Lighthouses". worldwidelighthouses.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  9. Historic England. "ST MARYS LIGHTHOUSE (1038989)". PastScape. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
  10. "St Mary's Island Cottage". News Guardian. Whitley Bay. 25 April 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
  11. "St Mary's Lighthouse new £2m revamp plans unveiled". BBC News. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  12. "Whitley Bay's St Mary's Lighthouse revamp plans are dealt a huge blow". Chronicle Live. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  13. Personal observation
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