Southwark and Bermondsey (UK Parliament constituency)

Southwark and Bermondsey was a inner city constituency in London, United Kingdom. Its sole Member of Parliament was Simon Hughes, in the first stage of his career in the house, as a Liberal then Liberal Democrat after the party's founding in 1988. It was replaced with the North Southwark and Bermondsey seat in 1997.

Southwark and Bermondsey
Former Borough constituency for the House of Commons
County	Greater London
Major settlements	Bermondsey, Rotherhithe
1983–1997
Number of members	One
Replaced by	North Southwark and Bermondsey
Created from	Bermondsey (vast bulk of) Peckham (small part of)[1]

History

The constituency was created for the 1983 general election and abolished for the 1997 general election. As all constituencies since 1950 it was a single-member-representation seat, of the sort envisioned by the Chartists in 1832 and by the legislators mooting the Third Reform Act - The Reform Act 1884 so had a single Member of Parliament throughout its existence, furthermore a plurality of its electorate voted for the same candidate at each election, the Liberal Democrat (previously Liberal) Simon Hughes.

Hughes had already been the MP for the forebear of virtually the whole seat. His February 1983 by-election win was one of the most bitterly contested by-elections in the UK as it involved Bob Mellish, its retired Labour MP of many years service, running a highly personal and homophobic campaign against the Labour candidate, Peter Tatchell against a backdrop of the Labour Party being at an immense low in the polls nationally amid success in the Falklands War and the start of a phase of strong positive economic growth under Margaret Thatcher. The result was the election of Simon Hughes as a Liberal in a post-War Labour stronghold.

Political and social historic background

The area's "middle class, well-to-do" streets were its main thoroughfares, Borough High Street, Blackfriars Road, Old Kent Road, Southwark Park Road, and Southwark Street in Booth's Poverty Map (1898-1899).[2] The survey found no gold-shaded "upper-middle and upper classes, wealthy" streets and far more "mixed, some comfortable, others poor" streets than those intensely poverty-stricken such as tenement yards clumped west of Borough High Street, east of Great Dover Street and clinging close to parts of the eastern riverside.[2] In the far southwest, St Alphege, Southwark (approximately 4% of the area) was approximately half overlain as "Lowest class. Vicious, semi-criminal.".

The area sustained heavy damage in the London Blitz including 1,651 high-explosive bombs across the wider borough,[3] taking decades to rebuild. Relatively poorly paid dock work rapidly evaporated to leave a labour shortage and local work included settings of low-skilled/paid warehouses, railway yards, buses/trams/taxis, civil infrastructure, and many people employed in the lower-paid public service careers, construction etc. within the aftermath of World War II. This was coupled with major social housing projects throughout inner south London in schemes ranging from cheap brutalist steel-and-glass fronted or plain concrete towers to semi-classical or green landscaped part-brick and concrete mid-rise apartment blocks. The forerunner seat of Bermondsey (created 1950) saw low right wing (i.e. Conservative/Unionist/Constitutionalist/Liberal National) support, rising marginally from 15.8% in 1951 to a peak of 24.9% in 1979.

Before 1950, the last non-Labour MP for any of Bermondsey's one-third-predecessor seats was in Southwark North from 1935 to 1939, in the form of Edward Anthony Strauss who moved with part of the Liberal Party to being a 'Liberal National' at that election, who were a more centrist group. The last non-Labour MP for Bermondsey West was a Liberal – Roderick Morris Kedward, winning in 1923 – who polled 52.5% of votes against a Labour opponent and no right-wing/centre-right opponents. The last non-Labour MP for the final one-third forebear Rotherhithe was won in 1931: early Conservative female MP Norah Cecil Runge, who polled 50.3% in 1931 before facing narrow defeat in 1935.

Boundaries

The London Borough of Southwark wards of Abbey, Bricklayers, Browning, Burgess, Cathedral, Chaucer, Dockyard, Riverside, and Rotherhithe.

Southwark and Bermondsey consisted of the northern part of the London Borough of Southwark. In 1997 it was largely replaced by the new North Southwark and Bermondsey constituency, with 290 electors moving to the Lewisham Deptford constituency.[4]

Members of Parliament

Election		Member[5]	Party
	1983	Simon Hughes	Liberal
	1988		Liberal Democrat
	1997	constituency abolished: see North Southwark and Bermondsey

Elections

Bermondsey historical election results

General election 1983: Southwark and Bermondsey[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Simon Hughes	17,185	49.9	N/A
	Labour	John Tilley	12,021	34.9	N/A
	Conservative	Robert Gurth Hughes	4,481	13.0	N/A
	National Front	James S. Sneath	474	1.4	N/A
	New Britain	Kevin Mason	154	0.5	N/A
	Revolutionary Communist	Afzal Farehk	54	0.2	N/A
	Independent	Thomas Keen	50	0.2	N/A
	Nationalist Party	Susan McKenzie	50	0.2	N/A
Majority			5,164	15.0	N/A
Turnout			34,469	61.7	N/A
	Liberal win (new seat)

General election 1987: Southwark and Bermondsey[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Simon Hughes	17,072	47.4	−2.5
	Labour	John Bryan	14,293	39.7	+4.8
	Conservative	Oliver Heald	4,522	12.6	−0.4
	Communist	Peter Power	108	0.3	New
Majority			2,779	7.7	−7.2
Turnout			35,995	64.9	+3.2
	Liberal hold		Swing	−3.6

General election 1992: Southwark and Bermondsey[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal Democrats	Simon Hughes	21,459	56.9	+9.5
	Labour Co-op	Richard Balfe	11,614	30.8	−8.9
	Conservative	Andy J. Raca	3,794	10.1	−2.5
	BNP	Stephen J. Tyler	530	1.4	New
	National Front	Terry S. Blackham	168	0.4	New
	Natural Law	Graham H. Barnett	113	0.3	New
	Communist League	John B. Grogan	56	0.1	New
Majority			9,845	26.1	+18.4
Turnout			37,734	62.3	−2.6
	Liberal Democrats hold		Swing	+9.2

See also

• List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater London
• Southwark local elections

Notes and references

1. "'Southwark and Bermondsey', June 1983 up to May 1997". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
2. Booth's London Poverty Map 1898-1899 London School of Economics - The Charles Booth archive. Accessed 2017-08-19
3. http://bombsight.org/explore/greater-london/southwark/
4. C. Rallings & M. Thrasher, The Media Guide to the New Parliamentary Constituencies, p.253 (Plymouth: LGC Elections Centre, 1995)
5. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 4)
6. http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge83/i18.htm
7. http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge87/i18.htm
8. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 6 Dec 2010.