Snowflake (slang)

Snowflake is a 2010s derogatory slang term for a person, implying that they have an inflated sense of uniqueness, an unwarranted sense of entitlement, or are overly-emotional, easily offended, and unable to deal with opposing opinions. Common usages include the terms special snowflake, Generation Snowflake, and snowflake as a politicized insult.

Background and usage

It is popularly believed that every snowflake has a unique structure.[1][2] Most usages of "snowflake" make reference to the physical qualities of snowflakes, such as their unique structure or fragility, while a minority of usages make reference to the white color of snow.[3][4]

Unique or special snowflake

Chuck Palahniuk has often been credited with coining the metaphorical use of snowflake[3] in his 1996 novel Fight Club, which contains the quote: "you are not special, you are not a beautiful and unique snowflake".[5] The 1999 film adaptation also includes this line.[5] In January 2017, Palahniuk directly claimed credit, adding that young adults of the 2010s exhibit "a kind of new Victorianism".[6] Palahniuk's claim has been questioned.[4] The metaphor has been used positively with students to celebrate their individuality (and teamwork).[7]

Following Fight Club, the terms "special snowflake" and "special snowflake syndrome" were applied to individuals with a negative connotation.[8][9] Such terminology refers to a person who believes their status as a unique individual means they are destined for great success, or deserve a special career, with abundant praise and admiration.[10][5][11] According to Merriam-Webster, in the 2000s snowflake referred "mostly to millennials who were allegedly too convinced of their own status as special and unique people to be able (or bothered) to handle the normal trials and travails of regular adult life".[4]

Generation Snowflake

The term "Generation Snowflake" or "Snowflake Generation" was popularized by Claire Fox's 2016 book I Find That Offensive!, which discussed a 2015 student/faculty confrontation at Yale University. The confrontation arose between university students and faculty Head of College, Nicholas A. Christakis. The confrontation, which was recorded and uploaded to YouTube, shows university students arguing with Christakis over a disagreement regarding Halloween costumes and the degree to which Yale University should intervene regarding student costumes which may be perceived as cultural appropriation. Fox described the video as showing a: "screaming, almost hysterical mob of students" and that the backlash to the viral video led to the disparaging moniker "generation snowflake" for the students.[12]

According to a 2016 article by Helen Rumbelow published in The Australian: "The term 'generation snowflake' started in the United States. Parents cherished their offspring as 'precious little snowflakes', each alike but unique, or 'everyone is special'."[13] Claire Fox argues recent parenting philosophy led to parenting methods which "denied resilience-building freedoms that past generations enjoyed".[14]

The term "snowflake generation" was one of Collins English Dictionary's 2016 words of the year. Collins defines the term as "the young adults of the 2010s, viewed as being less resilient and more prone to taking offence than previous generations".[15]

The terms "generation snowflake" and "snowflake generation" are frequently used in reference to use of trigger warnings and safe spaces, or to describe young adults as anti-free speech, specifically in reference to a practice referred to as deplatforming.[16][17][18] It has also been used to refer to a reported increase in mental health issues among young adults.[19][14]

Politicized insult

Following the referendum result in favour of Brexit in the UK and the election of Donald Trump as 45th President of the U.S., "generation snowflake" was often shortened to simply "snowflake" and became a politicized insult. A November 2016 article from The Guardian commented: "Until very recently, to call someone a snowflake would have involved the word 'generation'."[8]

Snowflake as a politicized insult is typically used by those on the political right to insult those on the political left.[8] In an article from the Los Angeles Times, Jessica Roy says the alt-right in the United States pejoratively describes most liberals and those protesting against Donald Trump as "snowflakes".[20] A 2017 article from Think Progress commented: "The insult expanded to encompass not just the young, but liberals of all ages; it became the epithet of choice for right-wingers to fling at anyone who could be accused of being too easily offended, too in need of 'safe spaces, too fragile'".[21] Jonathon Green, editor of Green's Dictionary of Slang, points out snowflake is an unusual insult in that it calls someone weak and fragile without using misogynistic or homophobic references.[22]

Actor George Takei extended the metaphor to emphasize the power of snowflakes, saying: "The thing about 'snowflakes' is this: They are beautiful and unique, but in large numbers become an unstoppable avalanche that will bury you."[22] Others have returned the insult back at those with right-wing politics, arguing "oversensitive whiners can be found all over the political spectrum" including President Trump. Comedian Neal Brennan referred to Donald Trump as "the biggest snowflake in America",[22] while a January 2017 opinion piece from The Guardian refers to President Trump as "Snowflake-in-Chief"[23] and CNN commentator Van Jones called Trump "President Snowflake" based on his response to the FBI's Russia probe in May 2017.[24]

Shelly Haslam-Ormerod, senior lecturer in mental health and wellbeing at Edge Hill University, strongly criticised the use of the term, arguing in The Conversation that it stigmatises the mental health challenges faced by today's young people in an uncertain world and noting that even children aged under 10 have been unfairly labelled "snowflakes" in tabloid articles.[25]

In her syndicated column, Michelle Malkin criticized the provision of the Affordable Care Act which requires employer-based health coverage to extend to an employee's adult offspring up to 26 years of age, describing it as the "slacker mandate" and calling these young adults "precious snowflakes". Malkin argues the provision has "cultural consequences" in that it "reduces the incentives for 20-somethings to grow up and seek independent lives and livelihoods".[26]

"Broflake" (from "bro" and "snowflake") is a related derogatory term which the Oxford Dictionaries define as "a man who is readily upset or offended by progressive attitudes that conflict with his more conventional or conservative views".[27] It has also been applied to women, in the more general sense of someone who claims to not be easily offended, yet often is.[28]

Other uses

In the 1860s, "snowflake" was used by abolitionists in Missouri to refer to those who opposed the abolition of slavery. The term referred to the color of snow, referring to valuing white people over black people. This usage was not believed to have extended beyond the state of Missouri in the 1800s.[4][3]

In the 1970s, according to Green's Dictionary of Slang, snowflake has been used to describe "a white person or a black person who was perceived as acting too much like a white person".[21][3]

In the workplace

In 2017, a U.S. marketing company created a "snowflake test" to be used in its hiring process to "weed out overly sensitive, liberal candidates who are too easily offended". Many questions were designed to assess a candidate’s stance on America, police, and guns.[29] However, psychologist and academic from the Manchester Business School at the University of Manchester, Cary Cooper suggests it is a poor strategy for attracting talented younger workers.[30]

In popular culture

In December 2016, the term snowflake was referenced in the ABC sitcom Last Man Standing, in an episode titled "Precious Snowflake" about microaggressions and politically correct speech restrictions on a university campus.[31][32][33]

In March 2017, the American live sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live aired a skit about a Trump-loving dog that, through the aid of technology, was able to berate the anti-Trump humans in the room as "liberal snowflakes".[34][35]

gollark: Except it enumerates all possible ASCII strings instead.

gollark: I made that!

gollark: no.

gollark: Check out my cool project!http://localhost:3030

gollark: () => (state, actions) => { if (state.websocket.readyState === 1) { // socket is open console.log("SEND", x) state.websocket.send(CBOR.encode(x)) } else { actions.addMessage(["error", "Open connection before sending messages."]) } }

References

Allman, William (1984). "No snowflakes alike? Prove it!". The San Diego Union.
Jordan, Gill (10 December 2016). "Your kids aren't unique and neither are snowflakes". CBC News. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
Stone, Brianna (1 February 2017). "Been called a 'snowflake'? The 'it' new insult". USA Today. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
"No, 'Snowflake' as a Slang Term Did Not Begin with 'Fight Club'". Merriam-Webster. January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017. Palahniuk was hardly the first person to use the metaphor. It's the stuff of self-help books and inspirational posters and elementary school assurances. The imagery before negation is lovely; we are each unique snowflakes, each worth treasuring because each is uniquely beautiful. Palahniuk's denial of the individual's snowflake status struck a chord.
North, Anna (25 July 2014). "Are Trophies Really So Bad?". Op-Talk.
"Londoner's Diary: Fight Club's Chuck Palahniuk: "I coined 'snowflake' and I stand by it"". The Evening Standard. 24 January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
Grubbs, Jenni (27 January 2017). "Green Acres students celebrating being unique". Fort Morgan Times. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
Nicholson, Rebecca (28 November 2016). "'Poor little snowflake' – the defining insult of 2016". The Guardian.
Yagoda, Ben (4 December 2016). "Who You Calling 'Snowflake'?". Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
Albrecht, Emily (19 February 2014). "Special Snowflake Syndrome". The Dartmouth.
Rumbelow, Helen (9 November 2016). "Generation snowflake: Why millenials are mocked for being too delicate". The Australian. Surry Hills. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Fox, Claire (2016). I Find That Offensive!. London: Biteback Publishing. ISBN 978-1-849-54981-3.
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Van Jones: Trump is 'President Snowflake', CNN Video, archived from the original on 19 May 2017, retrieved 19 May 2017
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Malkin, Michelle (16 November 2016). "The Slacker Mandate and the Safety Pin Generation". Townhall. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
broflake Archived 24 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine Oxford Dictionaries.
Broflake defined Archived 7 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine at BoingBoing.
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