Sister republic
A sister republic (French: république sœur) was a republic established by French armies or by local revolutionaries and assisted by the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars. These republics, though nominally independent, relied heavily on France for protection, and aid when push came to shove, which made the republics more of autonomous states, rather than an independent republic, which was shown after the declaration of the First French Empire, when several states were annexed, and the remaining turned into puppet monarchies.
History
The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 until 1799. The Republicans who overthrew the monarchy were driven by ideas of popular sovereignty, rule of law and representative democracy. The Republicans borrowed ideas and values from Whiggism and Enlightenment philosophers. The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe, but most of these sister republics became a means of controlling occupied lands as client regimes through a mix of French and local power.[1]
Sister republics of Italy
Republic of Alba (1796) reconquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia Republic of Pescara (1799) re-united with the Kingdom of Naples Parthenopean Republic (1799) reconquered by the Sanfedisti for the King of Naples and Sicily Roman Republic (1798–1799) ended with the restoration of the Papal States Republic of Ancona (1797–1798) joined Roman Republic Tiberina Republic (1798–1799) joined Roman Republic
Subalpine Republic (1800–1802) annexed to the French Republic (Novara to the Italian Republic) Piedmontese Republic (1798–1799), conquered by Austro-Russian troops and rendered back to Sardinia, but reconquered by Napoleon in 1800 and renamed Subalpine Republic
Ligurian Republic (1796–1805) annexed to the French Empire Republic of Lucca (1799 and 1801–05), replaced by the Principality of Lucca and Piombino Italian Republic (1802–1805) transformed into the Kingdom of Italy Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802) transformed into the Italian Republic Cispadane Republic (1796–1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic - Bolognese Republic (1796) annexed to the Cispadane Republic
Republic of Bergamo (1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic Transpadane Republic (1796–1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic Republic of Crema (1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic Republic of Brescia (1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic
- 1796: Northern Italy before
the French invasion - 1803: Sister Republics
in Northern Italy - Sister Republics
replaced by monarchies
Other sister republics
Republic of Bouillon (1794–1795) Republic of Liège (1789–1791) - Republic of Rauracia (1792–1793) revolutionary French republic in Basel
- Lémanique Republic (1798) joined the Helvetic Republic
- Republic of Mainz (1793) revolutionary French republic in Rhenish Hesse and the Electoral Palatinate
Batavian Republic (1795–1806) Netherlands Cisrhenian Republic (1797) Germany Republic of Connacht (1798) accompanied Humbert's Irish expedition in support of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) Switzerland Republic of Danzig (1807–1814) Rhodanic Republic (1802–1810) (Valais)
References
- Van Wie, Paul D. (1999). Image, History, and Politics: The Coinage of Modern Europe. pp. 116–7. Retrieved 24 June 2015.