Shizhenia

Shizhenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Its only species is Shizhenia pinguicula, native to south-east China (north-east Zhejiang).[1]

Shizhenia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Orchideae
Genus: Shizhenia
X.H.Jin, Lu Q.Huang, W.T.Jin & X.G.Xiang
Species:
S. pinguicula
Binomial name
Shizhenia pinguicula
(Rchb.f. & S.Moore) X.H.Jin, Lu Q.Huang, W.T.Jin & X.G.Xiang[1]
Synonyms[1]
Species
  • Gymnadenia pinguicula Rchb.f. & S.Moore
  • Habenaria pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Benth.
  • Amitostigma pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Schltr.
  • Orchis pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Soó
  • Ponerorchis pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin
  • Diplomeris chinensis Rolfe

Description

Shizhenia grows from a ovoid shaped tuber. It has a single stem leaf, situated near the base of the stem. The inflorescence consists of a single relatively large flower, rose-red to purple in colour, with a three-lobed lip (labellum). The upper sepal and the lateral petals are grouped to form a hood. The flower has a conical spur, longer than the lip. There are two stigmas that extend under the short rostellum.[2]

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1878 as Gymnadenia pinguicula. It was later transferred again to Habenaria and then Amitostigma.[1] A molecular phylogenetic study in 2014, found that species of Amitostigma, Neottianthe and Ponerorchis were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. Amitostigma and Neottianthe were subsumed into Ponerorchis, with Amitostigma pinguicula becoming Ponerorchis pinguicula.[3] Later studies suggested that Ponerorchis pinguicula lay outside the main clade consisting of Hemipilia, Ponerorchis, Sirindhornia, and Tsaiorchis, and a new genus, Shizhenia, was created for it.[2][4] After some adjustment of the generic boundaries, the five genera were related as shown in the following cladogram. All are placed in subtribe Orchidinae, tribe Orchideae, subfamily Orchidoideae.[4]

 
 

Sirindhornia

 
 
 

Shizhenia

 
 
 

Tsaiorchis

 
 
 

Hemipilia

 
 

Ponerorchis

 
 
 
 
 
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References
  1. "Shizhenia pinguicula", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-04-04
  2. Jin, Weitao; Xiang, Xiaoguo & Jin, Xiaohua (2015), "Generic delimitation of Orchidaceae from China: current situation and perspective" (pdf), Biodiversity Science (in Chinese and English), 23 (2): 237–242, doi:10.17520/biods.2014268, retrieved 2018-04-01
  3. Jin, Wei-Tao; Jin, Xiao-Hua; Schuiteman, André; Li, De-Zhu; Xiang, Xiao-Guo; Huang, Wei-Chang; Li, Jian-Wu & Huang, Lu-Qi (2014), "Molecular systematics of subtribe Orchidinae and Asian taxa of Habenariinae (Orchideae, Orchidaceae) based on plastid matK, rbcL and nuclear ITS", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 77: 41–53, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.004, PMID 24747003
  4. Jin, Wei-Tao; Schuiteman, André; Chase, Mark W.; Li, Jian-Wu; Chung, Shih-Wen; Hsu, Tian-Chuan & Jin, Xiao-Hua (2017), "Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae s.l. (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae) based on seven markers (plastid matK, psaB, rbcL, trnL-F, trnH-psba, and nuclear nrITS, Xdh): implications for generic delimitation", BMC Plant Biology, 17 (1): 222, doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1160-x, PMC 5702240, PMID 29178835
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