Saxophone Colossus

Saxophone Colossus is the sixth studio album by American jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins. Perhaps Rollins' best-known album, it is often considered his breakthrough record.[2] It was recorded on June 22, 1956, with producers Bob Weinstock and Rudy Van Gelder at the latter's studio in Hackensack, New Jersey. Rollins led a quartet on the album that included pianist Tommy Flanagan, bassist Doug Watkins, and drummer Max Roach. Saxophone Colossus was released by Prestige Records to critical success and helped establish Rollins as a prominent jazz artist.[3]

Saxophone Colossus
Studio album by
Sonny Rollins
Released1956/1957
RecordedJune 22, 1956
StudioVan Gelder Studio in Hackensack
GenreHard bop[1]
Length39:58
LabelPrestige
ProducerBob Weinstock, Rudy Van Gelder
Sonny Rollins chronology
Tenor Madness
(1956)		 Saxophone Colossus
(1956)		 Rollins Plays for Bird
(1956)

In 2017, Saxophone Colossus was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or artistically significant."[4]

Background

There are five tracks on the album, three of which are credited to Rollins. "St. Thomas" is a calypso-inspired piece named after Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands. The tune is traditional and had already been recorded by Randy Weston in 1955 under the title "Fire Down There". (In the booklet provided with the boxed set, The Complete Prestige Recordings, Rollins makes it clear that it was the record company that insisted on his taking credit.) In any case, the piece has since become a jazz standard, and this is its most famous recorded version.

The final track, "Blue 7," is a blues piece, over eleven minutes long. Its main, rather disjunct melody was spontaneously composed. The performance is among Rollins' most acclaimed, and is the subject of an article by Gunther Schuller entitled "Sonny Rollins and the Challenge of Thematic Improvisation". Schuller praises Rollins on "Blue 7" for the use of motivic development exploring and developing melodic themes throughout his three solos, so that the piece is unified, rather than being composed of unrelated ideas.

The original 22 June 1956 session was recorded by Rudy Van Gelder. A CD version, mastered by Steve Hoffman, was released in May 1995 by DCC Compact Classics; no additional performances were included. Another remastered version, this time by Van Gelder, was released on 21 March 2006. The album's title was devised by Prestige Records' in-house publicity director Robert "Bob" Altshuler.

Release and reception
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[5]
DownBeat[6]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[7]
Jazzwise[8]
MusicHound Jazz5/5[9]
The Penguin Guide to Jazz[10]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[11]
The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide[12]

Independent sources have differed in their reporting of the album's release date. According to The Mojo Collection, it was released in the autumn of 1956,[3] and AllMusic also lists that year as the one of its release,[5] while an August 1957 issue of Billboard magazine listed the album among records released in the period between March 16 and July of that same year.[13] Reviewing in April 1957, Billboard said "Rollins' latest effort should really start musicians buzzing", as "the tenorman is one of the most vigorous, dynamic and inventive of modern jazzmen", and "everytrack is packed with surprises, tho Rollins develops each solo with great architectural logic".[14] Ralph J. Gleason reviewed the album later in June for DownBeat, writing:

Almost as if in answer to the charge that there is a lack of grace and beauty in the work of the New York hard-swingers comes this album in which Rollins displays humor, gentleness, a delicate feeling for beauty in line, and a puckish sense of humor. And all done with the uncompromising swinging that has characterized them all along.[6]

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow called Saxophone Colossus "arguably his finest all-around set",[5] while German musicologist Peter Niklas Wilson deemed it "another milestone of the Rollins discography, a recording repeatedly cited as Rollins' chef d'oeuvre, and one of the classic jazz albums of all time".[15] In 2000 it was voted number 405 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.[16]

Track listing

Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."St. Thomas"Sonny Rollins6:49
2."You Don't Know What Love Is"Gene de Paul, Don Raye6:30
3."Strode Rode"Sonny Rollins5:17

Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Moritat"Kurt Weill, Bertolt Brecht10:05
2."Blue 7"Sonny Rollins11:17

Personnel
gollark: Not accidentally, though.
gollark: You can, in theory, write non-unsafe C. People have repeatedly proven themselves to not be able to do this consistently.
gollark: It's wildly unsafe and not expressive.
gollark: C is indeed fairly bad.
gollark: That was actually my initial thought, as I already had a Rust version and this is quite slow, but I don't have the WASM toolchain installed so it would take ages.

References
  1. Rosenthal, David H. (1993). "Selected Hard Bop Discography". Hard Bop: Jazz and Black Music 1955-1965. Oxford University Press. p. 193. ISBN 0195358996.
  3. Anon. (2007). "Sonny Rollins - Saxophone Colossus". The Mojo Collection (4th ed.). Canongate Books. p. 13. ISBN 184767643X. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  4. "National Recording Registry Picks Are "Over the Rainbow"". Library of Congress. March 29, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  5. Yanow, S. Allmusic Review accessed 7 October 2009
  6. Gleason, Ralph J. (June 27, 1957). "Saxophone Colossus". Down Beat. Chicago. Archived from the original on August 7, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  7. Larkin, Colin (2007). Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195313734.
  8. "Sonny Rollins – Saxophone Colossus ★★★★★". Jazzwise. July 22, 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  9. "Saxophone Colossus". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  10. Cook, Richard and Brian Morton (2008), The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings (9th edn.) Penguin, p. 1232.
  11. Moon, Tom. "Sonny Rollins". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. p. 699. ISBN 0743201698. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  12. Swenson, J., ed. (1985). The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide. USA: Random House/Rolling Stone. p. 171. ISBN 0-394-72643-X.
  13. "SINGLES & ALBUMS RELEASED - For period March 16 thru July" (PDF). The Billboard. August 19, 1957. pp. 36, 60. Retrieved April 11, 2019 – via americanradiohistory.com.
  14. "Special Merit Jazz Album" (PDF). The Billboard: 29. April 27, 1957. Retrieved April 11, 2019 – via americanradiohistory.com.
  15. Wilson, Peter Niklas (2001). "Discography". Sonny Rollins: The Definitive Musical Guide. Berkeley Hills Books. p. 124. ISBN 1-893163-06-7.
  16. Colin Larkin (2000). All Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd ed.). Virgin Books. p. 152. ISBN 0-7535-0493-6.
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