Sanjak of Üsküp

The Sanjak of Üsküp was one of the sanjaks in the Ottoman Empire, with Üsküb (modern-day Skopje) as its administrative centre.

Sanjak of Skopje
Üsküp Sancağı
Скопски санџак/Skopski sandžak
Üsküp Sancağı
Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire
1463–1913
Flag
Coat of arms

CapitalSkopje
History 
• Established
1463
• Treaty of London (1913)
May 30, 1913 1913
Preceded by		Succeeded by
District of Branković
Kingdom of Serbia
Today part of North Macedonia

Origins

Skopje (Üsküb) had previously been the capital of the Serbian Empire between 1346 and 1371.

Üsküb became part of Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the District of Branković on January 6, 1392.[1][2] The first Ottoman governor of Skopje was Pasha Yiğit Bey, who conquered Skopje for the Ottoman Empire.[3] The next one was Isak-Beg who was sent to lead military actions in Serbia in spring of 1439, and was replaced by his son Isa-Beg Isaković in the position of sanjakbeg of the Sanjak of Skopje.[4]

The sanjak was initially formed as the so-called krajište (Skopsko Krajište; lit. borderland of Skopje) that was transformed into a full sanjak in the mid-16th century.[5]

History

The Sanjak of Üsküp had often been given to beylerbeys as arpalik.[6] Up to the 19th century, the sanjak was part of the Eyalet of Rumelia.

Uprisings against the Ottoman government occurred in the sanjak in 1572, 1584, 1585 and 1595.[7] During the Great Turkish War, Austrian general Silvio Piccolomini burnt down Skopje in 1689.

In 1868 the Sanjak of Skopje together with the Sanjak of Prizren, Sanjak of Dibra and Sanjak of Niš became part of the newly established Prizren Vilayet.[8] When Kosovo Vilayet was established in 1877, the Prizren Vilayet (without several nahiyas annexed by the Serbia) and its Sanjak of Skopje became part of Kosovo Vilayet, with Skopje as its seat.

According to the Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the kaza (sub-district) of Usküp had a total population of 70.170, consisting of 40.256 Muslims, 22.497 Bulgarians, 6.655 Greeks, 724 Jews and 38 Latins.[9]

During the First Balkan War in 1912 and the beginning of 1913, the Sanjak of Skopje was occupied by the Kingdom of Serbia. On the basis of the Treaty of London signed during the London Conference in 1913, its territory became a part of Serbia.

List of governors

The earliest governors, of the so-called Skopje krajište:

Sanjakbeys:

  • Mustafa Pasha Kara Mehmed-zade: (July 1755–?)
  • Osman Pasha: (September 1844 – August 1845)
  • Mehmed Selim Pasha Eneste Haseki: (August 1845 – March 1848)
  • Hafiz Mehmed Pasha the Cherkessian: (March 1848 – May 1850)
  • Ismail Pasha Paisli: (May 1850 – April 1851)
  • Mustafa Tosun Pasha: (April 1851 – October 1853)
  • Ali Riza Mehmed Pasha: (November 1853 – February 1854)
  • Akif Pasha: (1857–?)
  • Mahzar Osman Pasha Arnavut: (September 1858 – August 1859)
  • Rustem Pasha Ebubekir: August 1859 – March 1860
  • Alyanak Mustafa Pasha: (March 1860—July 1863)
  • Mahmud Faiz Pasha: (July 1863 – January 1864)
  • ?
  • İsmail Hakkı Paşa Şehsüvarzade Leskovikli: (November 1865 – July 1869)
  • ?
  • Hafuz Pasha: (fl. 1876–1900)
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References
  1. "Archeological exavations "Skopsko Kale"". skopskokale.com.mk. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-07. The handwriting of the triod of the Khludov collection in the Moscow Historical Museum no. 162, completed on 6 January 1392, on the day of the Ottoman conquest of Skopje.
  2. Сима Ћирковић; Раде Михальчић (1999). Лексикон српског средњег века. Knowledge. p. 645. Retrieved 24 July 2013. Такав санџак-бег, као скопски (од 1392), имао је знатно шира овлашћења: надзирао је суседне трибутарне господаре и имао је право да сам организује и предводи мање освајачке по- ходе.
  3. Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1993), Encyclopaedia of Islam, VIII, Netherlands: E.J. Brill and Luzac and Co., p. 876
  4. Godišnjak (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo, SFR Yugoslavia: Društvo Istoričara Bosne i Hercegovine: 46. 1953. To se najbolje vidi iz sadržine vijesti na osnovu koje znamo za njihovu prisutnost u Bosni 1438 godine, a još bolje iz činjenice da se u proljeće sljedeće godine ovdje pojavio novi skopski sandžakbeg Isa-beg, sin dotadašnjeg skopskog sandžaka Ishak bega koji je bio upućen na akcije u Srbiji Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. Evliya Çelebi (1967). Hazim Šabanović (ed.). Putopis - Kulturno nasljeđe (in Serbo-Croatian). Svjetlost. p. 279. 29. Skopski sandžak nije osnovan odmah poslije zauzimanja Skoplja, nego je od 1392. pa sve do pada Srbije (1459.) i Bosne (1463.) Skoplje bilo sjedište krajišnika koji su upravljali cijelim turskim područjem od Skoplja do Vrhbosne. Osnivanjem smederevskog i drugih sandžaka u Srbiji i bosanskog sandžaka to je krajište znatno smanjeno i izgubilo značaj koji je dotle imalo. Sredinom XVI. v. ono je postalo središnja oblast zasebnog skopskog sandžaka.
  6. Ljubiša Doklestić (1964). Kroz historiju Makedonije: izabrani izvori. Školska knj. p. 65. Retrieved 24 July 2013. ...[Skoplje] je sjediste sandzak-bega posebnog [sandzaka] u ru- melijskom ejáletu, ali je taj sandzak mnogo puta davan mir-i miranima od dva tuga [kao arpaluk].
  7. Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon La Boda (1995). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe. Taylor & Francis. pp. 659–. ISBN 978-1-884964-02-2.
  8. Grandits, Hannes; Nathalie Clayer; Robert Pichler (2010). Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-building. Gardners Books. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-84885-477-2. Retrieved 5 May 2011. In 1868 the vilayet of Prizren was created with the sancaks of Prizren, Dibra, Skopje and Niš; it only existed till 1877
  9. Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 140-141

Literature

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