San Ignacio Miní

San Ignacio Miní was one of the many missions founded in 1610 but wasn't executed until 1632, in Argentina, by the Jesuits in what the colonial Spaniards called the Province of Paraguay of the Americas during the Spanish colonial period. It is located near present-day San Ignacio valley, some 60 km north of Posadas, Misiones Province, Argentina. In 1984 it was one of four reducciones in Argentina to be designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.[1]

San Ignacio Miní
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Remains of the entrance to the church
LocationMisiones Province, Argentina
Part ofJesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil)
CriteriaCultural: (iv)
Reference275bis-002
Inscription1983 (7th session)
Extensions1984
Coordinates27°15′S 55°31′W
Location of San Ignacio Miní in Argentina

History

The original mission was erected near the year 1610 by Jesuit priests José Cataldino and Simón Maceta in the region called Guayrá by the natives and La Pinería by the Spanish conquistadores in present Paraná State, Brazil. Because of the constant attacks of the Portuguese Bandeirantes, the mission moved in 1632, and did not settle in its current location until 1696. It was called San Ignacio Miní (minor in Guaraní) to distinguish it from the larger mission, San Ignacio Guazú (great).

In the 18th century, the mission had a population of around 3000 people, mostly indigenous peoples. They produced rich cultural and handicraft products, which the Spanish commercialized by trade via the nearby Paraná River. After the Suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1767, the Jesuits left the mission a year later. Luso-Brazilian forces destroyed the mission in 1817, as well as other missions in the area, in the war against the independent movement in the Banda Oriental.[2]

San Ignacio Mini

The ruins are one of the best preserved among the several built in the territory of the Province of Paraguay, which today is divided among Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Due to its accessibility, it is one of the most visited. Overgrown by dense vegetation, the remains of the mission, built in the "Guaraní baroque" style, were found in 1897. It attracted greater popular interest after the 1903 expedition to the site by poet Leopoldo Lugones. The government did not undertake formal exploration and restoration until 1940.

Originally the main square was bounded by the church, a cabildo, a cemetery, a monastery and some houses. The magnificent church with 74 metres length and 24 metres width was designed by Italian priest Juan Brasanelli, and build using the local red sandstone. The width of the walls are around 2 metres, what in spite of the fragile material let the constructions remain standing after over two centuries.

In 1984 the ruins were declared as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The site is the location of the Museo Jesuítico de San Ignacio Miní museum, constructed after the international recognition. Other Jesuit missions' sites in the Misiones Province designated as World Heritage Sites the same year are Reducción de Santa Ana, Santa María La Mayor, and Nuestra Señora de Loreto.[3]

San Ignacio Miní was included in the inaugural 1996 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, drawing attention to the urgency of needed repairs and a full preservation plan.[4] With funding from American Express,[5] the lateral (eastern) portal was restored. Since then, the main portal of the mission has also been restored, and an interpretation center has been constructed. An international conference on the future of the site has taken place.

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See also

References
  1. List of World Heritage Sites, UNESCO
  2. Robert H. Jackson: Communities on a Frontier in Conflict: The Jesuit Guaraní Mission Los Santos. Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2018, ISBN 978-1-5275-1312-9, p. 55.
  3. "Instruccion practica para ordenar santamente la vidà; que ofrece el P. Antonio Garriga de la Compania de Iesus. Como brebe memorial, y recuerdo à los que hazen los exercicios espirituales de S. Ignacio de Loyola fundador de la misma Compañia" [Practical instruction to order one’s life according to saintly precepts: offered by Father Antonio Garriga of the Society of Jesus. As a brief memorial and memento of the spiritual exercises of Saint Ignatius Loyola, founder of the society]. World Digital Library (in Spanish). 1713.
  4. World Monuments Fund – San Ignacio Miní
  5. "Vientos de esperanza en las ruinas jesuíticas", La Nación, July 27, 1997. (in Spanish)
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