Salmson air-cooled aero-engines

Between 1920 and 1951 the Société des Moteurs Salmson in France developed and built a series of widely used air-cooled aircraft engines.[1]

Maryse Hilsz holding the propeller of her Mauboussin M.122 with Salmson 9 Aé.RS,[2] 1935
Salmson 9
Salmson 9Ad
Type Radial engine
Manufacturer Société des Moteurs Salmson
First run 1917

Design and development

After their successful water-cooled radial engines, developed from 1908 to 1918, Salmson changed their focus to air-cooling to reduce weight and increase specific power (power per unit weight). The majority of the engines produced by Salmson were of radial type with a few other arrangements such as the Salmson T6.E. In common with other engines produced by this manufacturer, the air-cooled radial engines featured the unorthodox Canton-Unné internal arrangement that dispensed with a master rod in favour of a cage of epicyclic gears driving the crankpin. Production ended in 1951 with the liquidation of the manufacturing company.

British Salmson

The 3,7 and 9 cylinder Salmsons were license-built in Great Britain, during the 1920s and 1930s, by the British Salmson engine company as the British Salmson AD.3, British Salmson AC.7, British Salmson AC.9, and British Salmson AD.9.

Salmson post-WWI engines

In common with several other French aero-engine manufacturers Salmson named their engines with the number of cylinders then a series letter in capitals followed by variant letters in lower-case. Engines not included in the 1932 table which follows are listed here:

3AD
8.9 kW (12 hp) at 1800 rpm rated[3]
5Ac
89 kW (120 hp)[4]
5Ap-01
5Aq-01
6Ad
6TE
6TE.S
7Ac
7Aq
7M
7Om
8As
9Ac
30 kW (40 hp)
9AB
150 kW (200 hp) at 1500 rpm rated[3]
9ABa
9ABc
172 kW (230 hp)
9Az
220 kW (300 hp) at 1500 rpm rated[3]
9A2c
9M
 
9Nd
130 kW (175 hp)
9Ne
9Ng
9Nh
9P
9Y
11B
12C
W-12
18Z
Salmson-Szydlowski SH18
18 cylinder air-cooled 2-stroke radial

Salmson air-cooled engines available in 1932 are listed here[5]

Name Cylinders Year Bore Stroke Capacity Power Weight
7AC 7-cyl radial 100 mm (3.94 in) 130 mm (5.12 in) 7.150 l (436.3 cu in) 78 kW (105 hp) at 1,800 rpm 130 kg (287 lb)
9AB 9-cyl radial 125 mm (4.92 in) 170 mm (6.69 in) 18.765 l (1,145.1 cu in) 186 kW (250 hp) at 1,700 rpm 265 kg (584 lb)
9AC 9-cyl radial 100 mm (3.94 in) 130 mm (5.12 in) 9.189 l (560.7 cu in) 97 kW (130 hp) at 1,800 rpm 170 kg (375 lb)
9AD 9-cyl radial 70 mm (2.76 in) 86 mm (3.39 in) 2.979 l (181.8 cu in) 34 kW (45 hp) at 2,000 rpm 68 kg (150 lb)
9ADb 9-cyl radial 70 mm (2.76 in) 86 mm (3.39 in) 2.979 l (181.8 cu in) 41 kW (55 hp) at 2,200 rpm 74 kg (163 lb)
9ADr 9-cyl radial 70 mm (2.76 in) 86 mm (3.39 in) 2.979 l (181.8 cu in) 48 kW (65 hp) at 2,700 rpm 79 kg (174 lb)
9NA 9-cyl radial 140 mm (5.51 in) 160 mm (6.30 in) 22.140 l (1,351.1 cu in) 246 kW (330 hp) at 1,800 rpm 292 kg (644 lb)
9NAs 9-cyl radial 140 mm (5.51 in) 160 mm (6.30 in) 22.140 l (1,351.1 cu in) 336 kW (450 hp) at 1,800rpm 315 kg (694 lb)
9NC 9-cyl radial 100 mm (3.94 in) 140 mm (5.51 in) 9.900 l (604.1 cu in) 112 kW (150 hp) at 1,800 rpm 155 kg (342 lb)
9NCt 9-cyl radial 100 mm (3.94 in) 140 mm (5.51 in) 9.900 l (604.1 cu in) 127 kW (170 hp) at 1,800 rpm 165 kg (364 lb)
18AB 18-cyl air-cooled two-row radial 125 mm (4.92 in) 180 mm (7.09 in) 39.761 l (2,426.4 cu in) 410 kW (550 hp) at 1,700 rpm 450 kg (992 lb)
18ABs 18-cyl air-cooled two-row radial 125 mm (4.92 in) 180 mm (7.09 in) 39.761 l (2,426.4 cu in) 485 kW (650 hp) at 1,700 rpm 465 kg (1,025 lb)

Applications

Nine cylinder engines
9AB
9AC
9AD
9AG
  • Morane-Saulnier MS.406
9AZ
9NC
9ND
9NE
9NH
9NM

Seven cylinder engines

7AC

Five cylinder engines

5Ap

5Aq

5AC

Specifications (9 Ab)

Data from Tsygulev[6]

General characteristics

  • Type: Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
  • Bore: 125 mm (4.92 in)
  • Stroke: 170 mm (6.69 in)
  • Displacement: 18.765 l (1,145 in³)
  • Length: 1,000 mm (39.37 in)
  • Diameter: 1,180 mm (46.46 in)
  • Dry weight: 265 kg (584 lb)

Components

  • Valvetrain: Two overhead valves per cylinder
  • Supercharger: Single-speed centrifugal type supercharger
  • Fuel system: Zenith 42D carburetor
  • Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance

  • Power output: 191 kW (256 hp) at 1,780 rpm for takeoff
  • Specific power: 10.18 kW/l (0.22 hp/in³)
  • Compression ratio: 5:1
  • Specific fuel consumption: 328 g/(kW•h) (0.54 lb/(hp•h))
  • Oil consumption: 19 g/(kW•h) (0.49 oz/(hp•h))
  • Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)
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See also

Notes
  1. Gunston 1986, p. 158.
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2014-04-12.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. Salmson 1927 advert
  4. "Les Moteurs d'aviation Salmson". L'Aérophile: 33–34. 1–15 January 1924.
  5. Hartmann, Gerard. "LA SOCIETE DES MOTEURS SALMSON" (PDF). hydroretro.net (in French). p. 13. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  6. Tsygulev (1939). Aviacionnye motory voennykh vozdushnykh sil inostrannykh gosudarstv (Авиационные моторы военных воздушных сил иностранных государств) (in Russian). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatelstvo Narkomata Oborony Soyuza SSR. Archived from the original on 2009-03-24.

References
  • Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. p. 152.
  • Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-85310-294-6.
  • Cuny, Jean. "Latécoère - Les Avions et Hydravions".Paris. Docavia/Editions Lariviere. 1992. ISBN 2-907051-01-6
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