Sagittaria cuneata

Sagittaria cuneata is a species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common name arumleaf arrowhead[2] or duck potato. Like some other Sagittaria species, it may be called wapato. It is native to much of North America, including most of Canada (every province and territory except Nunavut) as well as the western and northeastern United States (New England, Great Lakes, Great Plains, Rocky Mountain, Great Basin and Pacific Coast states; including Alaska but not Hawaii).[3][4][5]

Sagittaria cuneata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Alismataceae
Genus: Sagittaria
Species:
S. cuneata
Binomial name
Sagittaria cuneata
E.Sheld.
Synonyms[1]
  • Sagittaria arifolia Nutt. ex J.G.Sm.
  • Sagittaria hebetiloba A.Nelson
  • Sagittaria paniculata Blank.
  • Sagittaria marioniae R.Loxley
  • Sagittaria sagittifolia var. minor Pursh
  • Sagittaria suksdorfii Gand.

Sagittaria cuneata is an aquatic plant, growing in slow-moving and stagnant water bodies such as ponds and small streams. It is quite variable in appearance, and submerged parts of the plant look different from those growing above the surface or on land. In general it is a perennial herb growing from a white or blue-tinged tuber. The leaves are variable in shape, many of them sagittate (arrow-shaped) with two smaller, pointed lobes opposite the tip. The leaf blades are borne on very long petioles. The plant is monoecious, with individuals bearing both male and female flowers. The inflorescence which rises above the surface of the water is a raceme made up of several whorls of flowers, the lowest node bearing female flowers and upper nodes bearing male flowers. The flower is up to 2.5 centimeters wide with white petals. The male flowers have rings of yellow stamens at the centers. Each female flower has a spherical cluster of pistils which develops into a group of tiny fruits.[6][7][8][9][10]

Conservation status in the United States

It is listed as endangered in Connecticut[11] and New Jersey. It is listed as threatened in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Ohio.[12]

Native American ethnobotany

The Cheyenne give dried leaves to horses for urinary troubles and for a sore mouth.[13] The Klamath use the rootstocks as food.[14] The Menominee string the dried, boiled, sliced potatoes together for winter use.[15] The Ojibwe eat the corms for indigestion, and also as a food, eaten boiled fresh, dried or candied with maple sugar. Muskrat and beavers store them in large caches, which they have learned to recognize and appropriate.[16] The Northern Paiute use the roots for food.[17] The indigenous people of Montana use eat the tubers raw and boiled.[18]

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References
  1. The Plant List Sagittaria cuneata
  2. "Sagittaria cuneata". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  3. "Sagittaria cuneata in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
  4. Biota of North America Program, map, Sagittaria cuneata
  5. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
  6. "UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for SAGITTARIA cuneata". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
  7. "Plants Profile for Sagittaria cuneata (arumleaf arrowhead)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
  8. Club., Torrey Botanical (1893-01-01). "Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club". v.20 (1893). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Gandoger, Michel. 1920. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 66: 294, Sagittaria suksdorfii
  10. Blankinship, Joseph William. 1905. Science Studies, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Botany, Bozeman 1: 40, pl. 6, Sagittaria paniculata
  11. "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 12 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  12. "Plants Profile for Sagittaria cuneata (arumleaf arrowhead)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  13. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 6
  14. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 90
  15. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 61
  16. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 396
  17. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 44
  18. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22
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